It appears that Lixia Zhang <lixia@xxxxxxxxxxx> said: >1/ an email address is so close to a DNS name: user-name + email provider name Well, give or take. There are email providers with billions (with a B) of users. >2/ who is/are the email provider(s) for majority of the email addresses being used? Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo/AOL. It's not just the obvious domains; a whole lot of companies outsource their mail and those three are by far the largest outsourcers. R's, John