5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5 From: "Kuhn, Sally" <KUHNS@xxxxxx> Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 6-12 August 2025 Sally Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (kuhns@xxxxxx) URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQJQBecmAg$> New Activity/Unrest: Dempo, Indonesia | Klyuchevskoy, Russia | Krasheninnikov, Russia | Laguna del Maule, Chile | Lewotobi, Indonesia | Telica, Nicaragua Ongoing Activity: Aira, Japan | Dukono, Indonesia | Etna, Italy | Great Sitkin, United States | Ibu, Indonesia | Kilauea, United States | Kirishimayama, Japan | Lewotolok, Indonesia | Marapi, Indonesia | Merapi, Indonesia | Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia | Poas, Costa Rica | Semeru, Indonesia | Sheveluch, Russia | Suwanosejima, Japan | Taal, Philippines The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. This is not a comprehensive list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting during the week, but rather a summary of activity at volcanoes that meet criteria discussed in detail in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section. Carefully reviewed, detailed reports about recent activity are published in issues of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Note that many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source. New Activity/Unrest Dempo | Indonesia | 4.016°S, 103.121°E | Summit elev. 3142 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruptive event at Dempo was recorded at 2138 on 7 August and lasted nearly four minutes based on the seismic network. A dense gray ash plume rose 1.2 km above the summit and drifted N. The number of deep volcanic earthquakes had increased in early July, and deformation networks indicated inflation, especially during the week prior to the eruption. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public were reminded to stay 1 km away from the crater and as far as 2 km on the N flank. Geologic Summary. Dempo is a stratovolcano that rises above the Pasumah Plain of SE Sumatra. The andesitic complex has two main peaks, Gunung Dempo and Gunung Marapi, constructed near the SE rim of a 3-km-wide amphitheater open to the north. The high point of the older Gunung Dempo crater rim is slightly lower, and lies at the SE end of the summit complex. The taller Marapi cone was constructed within the older crater. Remnants of seven craters are found at or near the summit, with volcanism migrating WNW over time. The active 750 x 1,100 m active crater cuts the NW side of the Marapi cone and contains a 400-m-wide lake at the far NW end. Eruptions recorded since 1817 have been small-to-moderate explosions that produced local ashfall. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIOhMtqmg$> Klyuchevskoy | Russia | 56.056°N, 160.642°E | Summit elev. 4754 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that the eruption at Klyuchevskoyâ??s summit crater continued during 4-12 August and was characterized by lava fountains at the summit, two lava flows descending the SW flank, and explosions with ash plumes. The Kamchatka Volcanological Station reported that during a field visit on 4 August observers noted that the SW-flank lava flow may have reached the Bogdanovich glacier. Lava fountains rose as high as 500 m above the crater rim. On 5 August explosions produced ash plumes that rose 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l., or 2.2 km above the summit, and drifted as far as 965 km SE. Activity escalated on 6 August with explosions producing ash plumes that rose as high as 9.5 km (31,200 ft) a.s.l., or 4.7 km above the summit, and drifted 141 km ESE. KVERT raised the Aviation Color Code to Red (the highest level on a four-color scale) at 2128. Activity during 7-12 August was slightly variable but remained at high levels. Ash plumes from explosions rose 8-11.5 km (26,200-37,700 ft) a.s.l., or as high as 6.7 km above the summit, and drifted as far as 500 km NW and NE, 1,114 km E, 280 km ESE, and 1,800 km SE. According to the Kamchatka Volcanological Station a group of tourists and guides visited the volcano for a few days during 7-8 August, when clearer weather allowed for visual observations and photographs of the lava flow. Photographs on 7 August showed that lava overflowed the rim in two areas, separated by a higher rocky area along the crater rim. The two flows merged into one in an area about a third of the way down the flank. Lava fountains rose from the summit crater. The visitors described loud noises through the night, and noted that glow from the lava flow was easily seen from inside closed tents. During the morning of 8 August they saw a large plume of gray ash rising several kilometers high. They walked within 15 m of the lava flow that was advancing along flatter ground, past the base of the edifice, and inspected the distal end of the flow. The flow was covered by gray rocks that rolled down the margins of the flow, appearing as an advancing gray avalanche of blocks with patches of red-hot material inside. During 8-9 August ashfall was reported in Klyuchi (30 km NNE). The group was unable to see the volcano again during most of 9-11 August due to weather conditions, though they continued to hear eruption noises. During a few instances of cleared weather, they noted that the flow was wider and lower, likely melting into the glacier. Activity had decreased by late on 12 August; ash plumes rose as high as 2.2 km above the summit and drifted 140 km SSW. At 2219 the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Orange. Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified. Geologic Summary. Klyuchevskoy is the highest and most active volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Since its origin about 6,000 years ago, this symmetrical, basaltic stratovolcano has produced frequent moderate-volume explosive and effusive eruptions without major periods of inactivity. It rises above a saddle NE of Kamen volcano and lies SE of the broad Ushkovsky massif. More than 100 flank eruptions have occurred during approximately the past 3,000 years, with most lateral craters and cones occurring along radial fissures between the unconfined NE-to-SE flanks of the conical volcano between 500 and 3,600 m elevation. Eruptions recorded since the late 17th century have resulted in frequent changes to the morphology of the 700-m-wide summit crater. These eruptions over the past 400 years have originated primarily from the summit crater, but have also included numerous major explosive and effusive eruptions from flank craters. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://kvert.febras.net/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://kvert.febras.net/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQJyT98w-w$> ; Kamchatka Volcanological Station http://volkstat.ru/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://volkstat.ru/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQKykuoLzw$> Krasheninnikov | Russia | 54.596°N, 160.27°E | Summit elev. 1816 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that the eruption at Krasheninnikov continued during 5-12 August. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified on most days, though weather clouds obscured views on some of the days. Ash plumes on 5 August rose 5-6 km (16,400-19,700 ft) a.s.l., or as high as 4.4 km above the rim of the northern cone, at about 1,600 m elevation. Lava had filled the crater of the northern cone and descended the NW flank in several branches during 7-9 August. Lava spread out onto the crater floor, covering an area of about one square kilometer. Ash emissions rose from the coneâ??s summit. The NW-flank fissure, which cuts the caldera rim and NW flank of the northern cone, also remained active. Numerous vents along the fissure ejected bombs and produced gas-and-ash emissions. During 9-10 August ash plumes drifted 120 km E and NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified. Geologic Summary. The late-Pleistocene to Holocene Krasheninnikov volcano is comprised of two overlapping stratovolcanoes within a 9 x 10 km Pleistocene caldera. Young lava flows from summit and flank vents descend both into the caldera and down its outer flanks, and older flows that covered much of the SE caldera rim extended downslope at least 7 km. Tephra deposits from the caldera-forming eruption directly overlie a 39,000 years before present (BP) tephra thought to be associated with the formation of Uzon caldera (Florenskii, 1988). The intra-caldera stratovolcanoes are situated along a NE-SW-trending fissure that has also produced zones of Holocene cinder cones extending 15-20 km beyond the caldera. Construction of the southern edifice began about 11,000 years BP and lasted for about 4,500 years; it has a summit crater about 800-900 m wide. The northern edifice was constructed during a cycle of similar length that began about 6,500 years ago; it has a summit crater about 1.5 km wide, within which is low cone with an 800-m-wide crater containing another small cone. An eruptive cycle during about 600-400 years BP (1350-1550 CE) produced the Pauk lava cone in the crater of the northern cone and the Yuzhny lava flow on SW flank outside the caldera, followed by the Molodoy flow from the upper SW flank (Ponomareva, 1987; Ponomareva and Tsyurupa, 1985; Ponomareva and Braitseva, 1990). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://kvert.febras.net/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://kvert.febras.net/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQJyT98w-w$> Laguna del Maule | Chile | 36.058°S, 70.492°W | Summit elev. 2162 m On 6 August the Alert Level for Laguna del Maule was raised to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) based on data analysis by Servicio Nacional de GeologÃa y MinerÃa (SERNAGEOMIN) and Servicio Nacional de Prevención y Respuesta ante Desastres (SENAPRED). The Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR) Observatorio Argentino de Vigilancia Volcánica (OAVV) also raised the Alert Level to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale). The number of seismic events, notably volcano-tectonic earthquakes, had progressively increased in recent weeks and were mainly located in the E and central parts of the complex. Several swarms were detected; in total, more than 11,000 volcano-tectonic earthquakes were recorded in July. Additionally, the rate of surface deformation had accelerated, reaching high levels. Vertical deformation rates using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data were 4.2 cm per month at the station located closest to Laguna del Maule lake during mid-May-July. Variations in horizontal displacement were around 2.1 cm/month, a value characterized as high. SENAPRED declared â??Early Warningâ?? for San Clemente enabling increased monitoring. The public was warned to stay 2 km away from the center of the activity, in the Troncoso-Nieblas sectors about 5 km SW of the lakeâ??s shore, due to the potential for anomalous carbon dioxide emissions. Geologic Summary. The Laguna del Maule volcanic complex includes a 15 x 25 km caldera with a cluster of small stratovolcanoes, lava domes, and pyroclastic cones of Pleistocene-to-Holocene age. The caldera lies mostly on the Chilean side of the border, but partially extends into Argentina. Fourteen Pleistocene basaltic lava flows were erupted down the upper part of the Maule river valley. A cluster of Pleistocene cinder cones was constructed on the NW side of Maule lake in the northern part of the caldera. The latest activity produced an explosion crater on the E side of the lake and a series of Holocene rhyolitic lava domes and blocky lava flows that surround it. Sources: Servicio Nacional de GeologÃa y MinerÃa (SERNAGEOMIN) http://www.sernageomin.cl/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.sernageomin.cl/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQL-oSlszA$> ; Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR) http://www.segemar.gov.ar/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.segemar.gov.ar/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQLRBMqwvg$> Lewotobi | Indonesia | 8.542°S, 122.775°E | Summit elev. 1703 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported decreased activity at Lewotobi Laki-laki after the intense 1-2 August eruption. Dense gray ash plumes rose 600-1,200 m above the summit and drifted NW, W, and SW during 8-9 and 11 August. Seismic data through 9 August indicated a significant decrease in earthquakes indicating eruption events, and downward trends in the more dominant signals of harmonic tremors, non-harmonic tremors, and low-frequency earthquakes. No shallow volcanic earthquakes were recorded, and the number of deep volcanic earthquakes had also decreased. Deformation data showed stable conditions. At 1500 on 10 August the Alert Level was lowered to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the center of Laki-laki. Geologic Summary. The Lewotobi edifice in eastern Flores Island is composed of the two adjacent Lewotobi Laki-laki and Lewotobi Perempuan stratovolcanoes (the "husband and wife"). Their summits are less than 2 km apart along a NW-SE line. The conical Laki-laki to the NW has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Perempuan has had observed eruptions in 1921 and 1935. Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in both of the summit craters, which are open to the north. A prominent cone, Iliwokar, occurs on the E flank of Perampuan. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIOhMtqmg$> Telica | Nicaragua | 12.606°N, 86.84°W | Summit elev. 1036 m The Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) reported that during 7-8 August ash plumes from Telica were identified in satellite images and/or webcam images drifting as far as 37 km WSW and SW at an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. Geologic Summary. Telica, one of Nicaragua's most active volcanoes, has erupted frequently since the beginning of the Spanish era. This volcano group consists of several interlocking cones and vents with a general NW alignment. Sixteenth-century eruptions were reported at symmetrical Santa Clara volcano at the SW end of the group. However, its eroded and breached crater has been covered by forests throughout historical time, and these eruptions may have originated from Telica, whose upper slopes in contrast are unvegetated. The steep-sided cone of Telica is truncated by a 700-m-wide double crater; the southern crater, the source of recent eruptions, is 120 m deep. El Liston, immediately E, has several nested craters. The fumaroles and boiling mudpots of Hervideros de San Jacinto, SE of Telica, form a prominent geothermal area frequented by tourists, and geothermal exploration has occurred nearby. Source: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/messages.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/messages.html__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQLmKtONBg$> Ongoing Activity Aira | Japan | 31.5772°N, 130.6589°E | Summit elev. 1117 m The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Calderaâ??s Sakurajima volcano) during 4-11 August. Sulfur dioxide emissions were high on 4 August, averaging 2,400 tons per day. Occasional very small eruptive events occurred during 4-8 August along with nightly crater incandescence visible in webcam images. A small eruptive event was detected on 11 August. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters. Geologic Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim and built an island that was joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent eruptions since the 8th century have deposited ash on the city of Kagoshima, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest recorded eruption took place during 1471-76. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIm2Funwg$> Dukono | Indonesia | 1.6992°N, 127.8783°E | Summit elev. 1273 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Dukono continued during 6-12 August. White-and-gray gas-and-ash plumes rose 100-800 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on most days; white plumes rose 200-700 m above the summit and drifted NE and E on 7 August. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater. Geologic Summary. The Dukono complex in northern Halmahera is on an edifice with a broad, low profile containing multiple peaks and overlapping craters. Almost continuous explosive eruptions, sometimes accompanied by lava flows, have occurred since 1933. During a major eruption in 1550 CE, a lava flow filled in the strait between Halmahera and the Gunung Mamuya cone, 10 km NE. Malupang Wariang, 1 km SW of the summit crater complex, contains a 700 x 570 m crater that has also had reported eruptions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIOhMtqmg$> Etna | Italy | 37.748°N, 14.999°E | Summit elev. 3357 m The Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported eruptive activity at Etnaâ??s summit craters during 4-10 August. Gas emissions rose from Bocca Nuova Crater, NE Crater, and Voragine. Modest explosive activity at two vents at SE Crater ejected lava fragments that fell back into the crater and onto the flanks of the cone. The activity generated diffuse ash emissions that quickly dispersed around the summit area. A fissure on the S flank of Bocca Nuova, which last effused lava during February-March, was again active. Late on 9 August lava effused from a fissure approximately 33 m long and trending N-S located between Bocca Nuova and SE Crater, at around 3,000-3,100 m elevation. The lava flow traveled about 600 m S; effusion stopped the next day. Geologic Summary. Mount Etna, towering above Catania on the island of Sicily, has one of the world's longest documented records of volcanism, dating back to 1500 BCE. Historical lava flows of basaltic composition cover much of the surface of this massive volcano, whose edifice is the highest and most voluminous in Italy. The Mongibello stratovolcano, truncated by several small calderas, was constructed during the late Pleistocene and Holocene over an older shield volcano. The most prominent morphological feature of Etna is the Valle del Bove, a 5 x 10 km caldera open to the east. Two styles of eruptive activity typically occur, sometimes simultaneously. Persistent explosive eruptions, sometimes with minor lava emissions, take place from one or more summit craters. Flank vents, typically with higher effusion rates, are less frequently active and originate from fissures that open progressively downward from near the summit (usually accompanied by Strombolian eruptions at the upper end). Cinder cones are commonly constructed over the vents of lower-flank lava flows. Lava flows extend to the foot of the volcano on all sides and have reached the sea over a broad area on the SE flank. Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) http://www.ct.ingv.it/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ct.ingv.it/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQKzpVIBUw$> Great Sitkin | United States | 52.076°N, 176.13°W | Summit elev. 1740 m The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkinâ??s summit crater during 6-12 August. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network, including signals probably caused by small rockfalls from the steep flanks. Weather clouds mostly obscured satellite and webcam views; clear conditions during 9-10 August showed nothing unusual in webcam images. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The Great Sitkin volcano forms much of the northern side of Great Sitkin Island. A younger volcano capped by a small, 0.8 x 1.2 km ice-filled summit caldera was constructed within a large late-Pleistocene or early Holocene scarp formed by massive edifice failure that truncated an older edifice and produced a submarine debris avalanche. Deposits from this and an even older debris avalanche from a source to the south cover a broad area of the ocean floor north of the volcano. The summit lies along the eastern rim of the younger collapse scarp. Deposits from an earlier caldera-forming eruption of unknown age cover the flanks of the island to a depth up to 6 m. The small younger caldera was partially filled by lava domes emplaced in 1945 and 1974, and five small older flank lava domes, two of which lie on the coastline, were constructed along northwest- and NNW-trending lines. Hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles occur near the head of Big Fox Creek, south of the volcano. Eruptions have been recorded since the late-19th century. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) https://avo.alaska.edu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQK8p1cX9g$> Ibu | Indonesia | 1.488°N, 127.63°E | Summit elev. 1325 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 23-29 July. Daily dense gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted NW, W, and SW. Crater incandescence was visible in a few nighttime webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening. Geologic Summary. The truncated summit of Gunung Ibu stratovolcano along the NW coast of Halmahera Island has large nested summit craters. The inner crater, 1 km wide and 400 m deep, has contained several small crater lakes. The 1.2-km-wide outer crater is breached on the N, creating a steep-walled valley. A large cone grew ENE of the summit, and a smaller one to the WSW has fed a lava flow down the W flank. A group of maars is located below the N and W flanks. The first observed and recorded eruption was a small explosion from the summit crater in 1911. Eruptive activity began again in December 1998, producing a lava dome that eventually covered much of the floor of the inner summit crater along with ongoing explosive ash emissions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIOhMtqmg$> Kilauea | United States | 19.421°N, 155.287°W | Summit elev. 1222 m The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilaueaâ??s Kaluapele summit caldera, characterized by episodic fountaining and intermittent spatter at vents along the SW margin of Halemaâ??umaâ??u Crater, continued at variable levels during 6-12 August. Lava became visible in the N vent at 0055 on 6 August, and about a minute later began to overflow the cone onto the crater floor. Lava flows and spattering at the N vent continued, and at 0112 similar activity began at the S vent. Activity then intensified, with sustained lava fountaining starting at 0120. About two minutes later a new fissure opened along the margins of the existing lava field that extended part way up the S wall of Halemaâ??umaâ??u Crater. Lava fountains rose along the fissure and produced small lava flows. Lava fountains at the N and S vents were broad and rose 45-90 m. Lava flows from the vents covered about 20 percent of the crater floor by 0206. Activity at the new fissure decreased at 0400 and ceased erupting at 0440. Lava flows from the N and S vents continued to advance, covering 60 percent of the crater floor by 1003. After about 12 hours of continuous lava fountaining the S vent ceased erupting at about 1250 and the N vent ceased at about 1255. During an overflight later that day scientists observed that lava flows had covered 80 percent of the crater floor, including some onto the down-dropped block. The N vent remained incandescent but gradually dimmed until it was no longer visible during the morning of 7 August. Points of incandescence in the flow field were visible during 6-9 August. Low-frequency tremor bursts characteristic of gas pistoning were recorded during 6-12 August. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. Kilauea overlaps the E flank of the massive Mauna Loa shield volcano in the island of Hawaii. Eruptions are prominent in Polynesian legends; written documentation since 1820 records frequent summit and flank lava flow eruptions interspersed with periods of long-term lava lake activity at Halemaumau crater in the summit caldera until 1924. The 3 x 5 km caldera was formed in several stages about 1,500 years ago and during the 18th century; eruptions have also originated from the lengthy East and Southwest rift zones, which extend to the ocean in both directions. About 90% of the surface of the basaltic shield volcano is formed of lava flows less than about 1,100 years old; 70% of the surface is younger than 600 years. The long-term eruption from the East rift zone between 1983 and 2018 produced lava flows covering more than 100 km2, destroyed hundreds of houses, and added new coastline. Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQJfdjic1g$> Kirishimayama | Japan | 31.934°N, 130.862°E | Summit elev. 1700 m The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity continued at Shinmoedake (Shinmoe peak, a stratovolcano of the Kirishimayama volcano group) during 4-11 August. The number of volcanic earthquakes located beneath Shinmoedake, first detected in late October 2024, continued to fluctuate; volcanic tremor was also occasionally detected, notably during eruptive events. During a field visit on 6 August scientists observed white plumes rising as high as 100 m from multiple vents along the SE to the N parts of the crater floor and drifting NE. The emissions from the N part of the floor had decreased compared to 28 June observations. Sulfur dioxide emissions on 6 August were characterized as slightly high, averaging 500 tons per day (t/d). At 0523 on 10 August an ash plume rose 3 km above the crater rim and drifted NE. Sulfur dioxide emissions were higher, averaging 2,800 t/d. Ashfall was reported in Kobayashi City (14 km NE) and Takaharu Town (15 km E), obscuring the lines on the roads in some areas. Ashfall was also reported in Saito City (55 km NE), Takanabe Town (65 km NE), Kijo Town (61 km NE), Kawaminami Town (67 km NE), and Tsuno Town (75 km NE). A sulfur odor was noted in Kijo Town and Kawaminami Town. Emissions were ongoing until 0134 on 11 August with ash plumes rising as high as 1 km above the crater rim and drifting NE, though weather conditions sometimes prevented visual confirmation. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to exercise caution within 3 km from Shinmoedake Crater. Geologic Summary. Kirishimayama is a large group of more than 20 Quaternary volcanoes located north of Kagoshima Bay. The late-Pleistocene to Holocene dominantly andesitic group consists of stratovolcanoes, pyroclastic cones, maars, and underlying shield volcanoes located over an area of 20 x 30 km. The larger stratovolcanoes are scattered throughout the field, with the centrally located Karakunidake being the highest. Onamiike and Miike, the two largest maars, are located SW of Karakunidake and at its far eastern end, respectively. Holocene eruptions have been concentrated along an E-W line of vents from Miike to Ohachi, and at Shinmoedake to the NE. Frequent small-to-moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded since the 8th century. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIm2Funwg$> Lewotolok | Indonesia | 8.274°S, 123.508°E | Summit elev. 1431 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 6-12 August. Daily white-to-gray or gray ash plumes rose 100-400 m above the summit of the cone and drifted W and NW. Clear nighttime webcam images showed incandescent material being ejected above the cone. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit. Geologic Summary. The Lewotolok (or Lewotolo) stratovolcano occupies the eastern end of an elongated peninsula extending north into the Flores Sea, connected to Lembata (formerly Lomblen) Island by a narrow isthmus. It is symmetrical when viewed from the north and east. A small cone with a 130-m-wide crater constructed at the SE side of a larger crater forms the volcano's high point. Many lava flows have reached the coastline. Eruptions recorded since 1660 have consisted of explosive activity from the summit crater. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIOhMtqmg$> Marapi | Indonesia | 0.38°S, 100.474°E | Summit elev. 2885 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 6-12 August. An eruptive event was recorded at 0710 on 12 August but not visually observed. At 0839 that same day an eruptive event generated a dense white-and-gray ash plume that rose 1.6 km above the summit and drifted NE. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater. Geologic Summary. Gunung Marapi, not to be confused with the better-known Merapi volcano on Java, is Sumatra's most active volcano. This massive complex stratovolcano rises 2,000 m above the Bukittinggi Plain in the Padang Highlands. A broad summit contains multiple partially overlapping summit craters constructed within the small 1.4-km-wide Bancah caldera. The summit craters are located along an ENE-WSW line, with volcanism migrating to the west. More than 50 eruptions, typically consisting of small-to-moderate explosive activity, have been recorded since the end of the 18th century; no lava flows outside the summit craters have been reported in historical time. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIOhMtqmg$> Merapi | Indonesia | 7.54°S, 110.446°E | Summit elev. 2910 m The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 1-7 August. Earthquakes were about the same intensity compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 14 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 31 that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Krasak drainage, 64 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage, and one that descended the Boyong drainage on the S flank as far as 1.8 km. One pyroclastic flow traveled 800 m down the Krasak drainage. Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from lava effusion and minor collapses. The volume of the SW dome increased by 90,500 cubic meters to an estimated 4,101,500 cubic meters, based on webcam images and a 7 August drone survey. The temperature of the dome had increased by 2.5 degrees Celsius (degrees C) to 247.4 degrees C. The volume and temperature of the central dome were unchanged. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location. Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities. Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQLnLbp0RQ$> Nevado del Ruiz | Colombia | 4.892°N, 75.324°W | Summit elev. 5279 m The Servicio Geológico Colombianoâ??s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that eruptive activity at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 5-11 August, though weather conditions sometimes obscured visual observations. Seismic data indicated that events associated with fluid movement increased in both number and intensity compared to the previous week, though levels were low-to-moderate overall. Some of the seismic events were associated with pulsating ash emissions; webcam images and SGC staff and Parque Nacional Natural de los Nevados (PNNN) officials working in the field confirmed these ash emissions, including some with higher-temperature ejecta. Gas and/or ash emissions generally rose as high as 500 m above the summit and mainly drifted NW, though an ash plume at 0156 on 8 August rose as high as 1.6 km above the summit as it drifted downwind. Ashfall was reported in the Valle de las Tumbas (4 km NW), Brisas (5 km NW), and Lunares (5 km NW) sectors (in the PNNN area) on 6 and 9 August, and in Manizales (28 km NW) on 10 August. Seismicity associated with rock fracturing increased in both number and intensity compared to the previous week. The earthquakes were mainly located at depths of 1-8 km below Arenas Crater and the flanks within 11 km. Daily sulfur dioxide emissions had slightly decreased compared to the previous week. Low-level thermal anomalies at the bottom of the crater were periodically identified in satellite images. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale). Geologic Summary. Nevado del Ruiz is a broad, glacier-covered volcano in central Colombia that covers more than 200 km2. Three major edifices, composed of andesitic and dacitic lavas and andesitic pyroclastics, have been constructed since the beginning of the Pleistocene. The modern cone consists of a broad cluster of lava domes built within the caldera of an older edifice. The 1-km-wide, 240-m-deep Arenas crater occupies the summit. The prominent La Olleta pyroclastic cone located on the SW flank may also have been active in historical time. Steep headwalls of massive landslides cut the flanks. Melting of its summit icecap during historical eruptions, which date back to the 16th century, has resulted in devastating lahars, including one in 1985 that was South America's deadliest eruption. Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) https://www2.sgc.gov.co/volcanes/index.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www2.sgc.gov.co/volcanes/index.html__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQLs6ZL5kA$> Poas | Costa Rica | 10.2°N, 84.233°W | Summit elev. 2697 m The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported continuing gas-and-steam emissions with occasional minor amounts of ash at Poás during 6-12 August. Strong incandescence continued at Boca A vent; temperatures at the vent were estimated to be 800-900 degrees Celsius, based on a photograph taken at 0450 on 6 August. Eruptive events at Boca A recorded at 0451 and 0706 on 7 August generated diffuse ash plumes, each lasting about one minute. A low-energy eruptive event at 2056 on 8 August produced a gray plume with a moderate amount of ash that drifted W, and ejected incandescent blocks that landed near the vent. Sulfur dioxide emissions measured by satellite averaged 270 tons per day (t/d) midweek. The volcanic Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The broad vegetated edifice of Poás, one of the most active volcanoes of Costa Rica, contains three craters along a N-S line. The frequently visited multi-hued summit crater lakes of the basaltic-to-dacitic volcano are easily accessible by vehicle from the nearby capital city of San José. A N-S-trending fissure cutting the complex stratovolcano extends to the lower N flank, where it has produced the Congo stratovolcano and several lake-filled maars. The southernmost of the two summit crater lakes, Botos, last erupted about 7,500 years ago. The more prominent geothermally heated northern lake, Laguna Caliente, is one of the world's most acidic natural lakes, with a pH of near zero. It has been the site of frequent phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions since an eruption was reported in 1828. Eruptions often include geyser-like ejections of crater-lake water. Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIEHUNWtg$> Semeru | Indonesia | 8.108°S, 112.922°E | Summit elev. 3657 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 6-12 August, often with multiple daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Dense white-and-gray or gray ash plumes rose 400-1,000 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions; weather clouds obscured views on 8 and 10 August. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few webcam images; incandescent material traveling down the flank was visible at 2346 on 7 August in a webcam image. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards. Geologic Summary. Semeru, the highest volcano on Java, and one of its most active, lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending north to the Tengger caldera. The steep-sided volcano, also referred to as Mahameru (Great Mountain), rises above coastal plains to the south. Gunung Semeru was constructed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambangan calderas. A line of lake-filled maars was constructed along a N-S trend cutting through the summit, and cinder cones and lava domes occupy the eastern and NE flanks. Summit topography is complicated by the shifting of craters from NW to SE. Frequent 19th and 20th century eruptions were dominated by small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, with occasional lava flows and larger explosive eruptions accompanied by pyroclastic flows that have reached the lower flanks of the volcano. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIOhMtqmg$> Sheveluch | Russia | 56.653°N, 161.36°E | Summit elev. 3283 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluchâ??s â??300 years of RASâ?? dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 1-7 August. Thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images during 2 and 4-7 August; weather clouds obscured views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The 1,300 km3 andesitic volcano is one of Kamchatka's largest and most active volcanic structures, with at least 60 large eruptions during the Holocene. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera breached to the south. Many lava domes occur on its outer flanks. The Molodoy Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the large open caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://kvert.febras.net/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://kvert.febras.net/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQJyT98w-w$> Suwanosejima | Japan | 29.638°N, 129.714°E | Summit elev. 796 m The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 4-11 August. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. No explosions were recorded, though ash plumes from eruptive events rose as high as 800 m above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater. Geologic Summary. The 8-km-long island of Suwanosejima in the northern Ryukyu Islands consists of an andesitic stratovolcano with two active summit craters. The summit is truncated by a large breached crater extending to the sea on the E flank that was formed by edifice collapse. One of Japan's most frequently active volcanoes, it was in a state of intermittent Strombolian activity from Otake, the NE summit crater, between 1949 and 1996, after which periods of inactivity lengthened. The largest recorded eruption took place in 1813-14, when thick scoria deposits covered residential areas, and the SW crater produced two lava flows that reached the western coast. At the end of the eruption the summit of Otake collapsed, forming a large debris avalanche and creating an open collapse scarp extending to the eastern coast. The island remained uninhabited for about 70 years after the 1813-1814 eruption. Lava flows reached the eastern coast of the island in 1884. Only about 50 people live on the island. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQIm2Funwg$> Taal | Philippines | 14.0106°N, 120.9975°E | Summit elev. 311 m In a special report issued at 1000 on 10 August the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) stated that 19 volcanic earthquakes at Taal were recorded by the seismic network during 9-10 August. A pronounced increase in Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement (RSAM) values began at 0525 on 10 August along with moderate-to-voluminous and vigorous emissions rising from Taal Main Crater and continuing volcanic tremor. Sulfur dioxide emissions had been low since June and averaged 374 tonnes per day on 8 August. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5); PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island (TVI) was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and recommended that the Main Crater and areas along the Daang Kastila fissure should remain prohibited. Pilots were warned to avoid flying over TVI. Geologic Summary. Taal is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines and has produced some powerful eruptions. The 15 x 20 km Talisay (Taal) caldera is largely filled by Lake Taal, whose 267 km2 surface lies only 3 m above sea level. The maximum depth of the lake is 160 m, with several submerged eruptive centers. The 5-km-wide Volcano Island in north-central Lake Taal is the location of all observed eruptions. The island is composed of coalescing small stratovolcanoes, tuff rings, and scoria cones. Powerful pyroclastic flows and surges have caused many fatalities. Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fhkyA2tEMqfqQZVcp2mrWEen3RCuNo8mFycG5MV-6Zqo1lcBrDnQJnzDRNMxAa7LAdEYTvia1qs_7Wy8VQKt2CRdow$> 5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5 ============================================================== Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). 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