6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6 From: "Venzke, Ed" <VENZKEE@xxxxxx> Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 11 June-17 June 2025 Sally Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (kuhns@xxxxxx) URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gQIDqZbrQ$> New Activity/Unrest: Iliamna, United States | Lewotobi, Indonesia Ongoing Activity: Aira, Japan | Dieng Volcanic Complex, Indonesia | Dukono, Indonesia | Fuego, Guatemala | Great Sitkin, United States | Home Reef, Tonga | Ibu, Indonesia | Kanlaon, Philippines | Karymsky, Russia | Kilauea, United States | Klyuchevskoy, Russia | Lewotolok, Indonesia | Marapi, Indonesia | Merapi, Indonesia | Poas, Costa Rica | Popocatepetl, Mexico | Raung, Indonesia | Reventador, Ecuador | Sangay, Ecuador | Santa Maria, Guatemala | Semeru, Indonesia | Sheveluch, Russia | Suwanosejima, Japan | Tangkuban Parahu, Indonesia The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. This is not a comprehensive list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting during the week, but rather a summary of activity at volcanoes that meet criteria discussed in detail in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section. Carefully reviewed, detailed reports about recent activity are published in issues of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Note that many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source. *New Activity/Unrest* *Iliamna* | United States | 60.032°N, 153.09°W | Summit elev. 3053 m The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that seismicity likely due to rock and ice avalanches on Iliamna was detected on 15 June. Frequent small earthquakes at a rate of several per minute began at 0430, then gradually slowed to background rates by 1430. There was no confirmation of an avalanche visually or in infrasound data. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level both remained at UNASSIGNED because the volcano is not currently considered monitored with only one functioning seismic station. Geologic Summary. Iliamna is a prominentglacier-covered stratovolcano in Lake Clark National Park on the western side of Cook Inlet, about 225 km SW of Anchorage. Its flat-topped summit is flanked on the south, along a 5-km-long ridge, by the prominent North and South Twin Peaks, satellitic lava dome complexes. The Johnson Glacier dome complex lies on the NE flank. Steep headwalls on the S and E flanks expose an inaccessible cross-section of the volcano. Major glaciers radiate from the summit, and valleys below the summit contain debris-avalanche and lahar deposits. Only a few major Holocene explosive eruptions have occurred from the deeply dissected volcano, which lacks a distinct crater. Most of the reports of historical eruptions may represent plumes from vigorous fumaroles E and SE of the summit, which are often mistaken for eruption columns (Miller et al., 1998). Eruptions producing pyroclastic flows have been dated at as recent as about 300 and 140 years ago, and elevated seismicity accompanying dike emplacement beneath the volcano was recorded in 1996. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) https://avo.alaska.edu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSdFNVAZw$> *Lewotobi* | Indonesia | 8.542°S, 122.775°E | Summit elev. 1703 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that continuing low-level unrest and steam plumes from Lewotobi Laki-laki ended with a large explosive eruption on 17 June. Deep volcanic earthquakes increased from an average of 8-10 daily events to 50 events in two hours early on 17 June. After analysis of visual and instrumental data, the Alert Level was raised to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) at 0700 on 17 June and then raised again to level 4 at 1500; the public was warned to stay 8 km away from the summit. A large explosive eruption at 1735 on 17 June produced a dense ash plume that rose 10 km above the summit (based on initial ground observer estimates) and resulted in pyroclastic flows down multiple flanks that were visible in a webcam image at 1741. BNPB reported ashfall in several villages, including Boru (8 km WNW), Hewa (10 km SW), and Watobuku (7 km WNW). Some residents in Nurabelen (8 km SE), Ile Bura District, evacuated to sites in Konga (10 km N). Ashfall was also reported at the Monitoring Post in Pululera Village (8 km NW); post officers evacuated to the church about 1.2 km from the monitoring post. Several residents also evacuated to Nileknoheng Village (12 km NW). Subsequent gray ash plumes rose 2 km above the summit at 2133 and 2210 and drifted N and NE; another plume at 2300 rose 5 km above the summit and drifted SW and W. Strong incandescence was visible at the summit in corresponding webcam images. On 18 June the I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport reported 17 outbound and 15 incoming flight cancelations due to the 17 June eruptive event. An aviation advisory from the Darwin VAAC at 0940 on 18 June noted multiple ash plumes observed in satellite imagery, with the highest around 16 km and moving SW. Geologic Summary. The Lewotobi edifice in eastern Flores Island is composed of the two adjacent Lewotobi Laki-laki and Lewotobi Perempuan stratovolcanoes (the "husband and wife"). Their summits are less than 2 km apart along a NW-SE line. The conical Laki-laki to the NW has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Perempuan has had observed eruptions in 1921 and 1935. Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in both of the summit craters, which are open to the north. A prominent cone, Iliwokar, occurs on the E flank of Perampuan. Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSlHNc96A$> ; Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) http://www.bnpb.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bnpb.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSnURNpyg$> ; Antara News http://www.antaranews.com/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.antaranews.com/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gRdYCst1A$> ; Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gTfFB7-SQ$> *Ongoing Activity* *Aira* | Japan | 31.5772°N, 130.6589°E | Summit elev. 1117 m The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Calderaâ??s Sakurajima volcano) during 9-16 June. Several very small eruptions were produced on 13 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters. Geologic Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim and built an island that was joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent eruptions since the 8th century have deposited ash on the city of Kagoshima, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest recorded eruption took place during 1471-76. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gRWhmTvCQ$> *Dieng Volcanic Complex* | Indonesia | 7.2°S, 109.879°E | Summit elev. 2565 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at the Dieng Volcanic Complex during 11-17 June. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 500 m away from Sileri Crater, to not approach Timbang Crater, and to be vigilant when digging in the area due to risks of carbon dioxide gas exposure. Geologic Summary. The Dieng plateau in the highlands of central Java is renowned both for the variety of its volcanic scenery and as a sacred area housing Java's oldest Hindu temples, dating back to the 9th century CE. The Dieng Volcanic Complex consists of multiple stratovolcanoes and more than 20 small Pleistocene-to-Holocene craters and cones over a 6 x 14 km area. Prahu stratovolcano was truncated by a large Pleistocene caldera, which was subsequently filled by a series of cones, lava domes, and craters, many containing lakes. Lava flows cover much of the plateau, but observed activity has been restricted to minor phreatic eruptions. Gas emissions are a hazard at several craters and have caused fatalities. There are abundant thermal features and high heat flow across the area. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSlHNc96A$> *Dukono* | Indonesia | 1.6992°N, 127.8783°E | Summit elev. 1273 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Dukono continued during 11-17 June. Daily white-and-gray gas-and-ash plumes rose 100-2,500 m above the summit. Winds blew the ash to the E and NE during 11-12 June, then N and NW during 13 -17 June. A special report from PVBMG on 15 June noted that plume heights over 14-15 June were 1,500-2,500 m above the summit. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater. Geologic Summary. The Dukono complex in northern Halmahera is on an edifice with a broad, low profile containing multiple peaks and overlapping craters. Almost continuous explosive eruptions, sometimes accompanied by lava flows, have occurred since 1933. During a major eruption in 1550 CE, a lava flow filled in the strait between Halmahera and the Gunung Mamuya cone, 10 km NE. Malupang Wariang, 1 km SW of the summit crater complex, contains a 700 x 570 m crater that has also had reported eruptions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSlHNc96A$> *Fuego* | Guatemala | 14.4748°N, 90.8806°W | Summit elev. 3799 m The Instituto Nacional de SismologÃa, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e HidrologÃa (INSIVUMEH) reported that eruptive activity continued at Fuego during 10-16 June. Weak-to-moderate explosions on 10 June occurred at a rate of 2-4 per hour, generating ash-and-gas plumes to altitudes of 4,300-4,800 m a.s.l. (14,100-15,400 feet) that drifted NW and caused ashfall. The explosions were accompanied by weak-to-moderate rumbling sounds, weak shockwaves, small avalanches, and sounds resembling a train engine. During 11-15 June white emissions rose as high as 700 m above the summit and drifted W and SW. The summit was obscured on 16 June, but nighttime incandescence was observed. There were no explosions recorded on 17 June, though active fumaroles in the crater produced a white and bluish, low-altitude plume that was dispersed to the west. Geologic Summary. Volcán Fuego, one of Central America's most active volcanoes, is also one of three large stratovolcanoes overlooking Guatemala's former capital, Antigua. The scarp of an older edifice, Meseta, lies between Fuego and Acatenango to the north. Construction of Meseta dates back to about 230,000 years and continued until the late Pleistocene or early Holocene. Collapse of Meseta may have produced the massive Escuintla debris-avalanche deposit, which extends about 50 km onto the Pacific coastal plain. Growth of the modern Fuego volcano followed, continuing the southward migration of volcanism that began at the mostly andesitic Acatenango. Eruptions at Fuego have become more mafic with time, and most historical activity has produced basaltic rocks. Frequent vigorous eruptions have been recorded since the onset of the Spanish era in 1524, and have produced major ashfalls, along with occasional pyroclastic flows and lava flows. Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gR6UIHydA$> *Great Sitkin* | United States | 52.076°N, 176.13°W | Summit elev. 1740 m The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick lava flow in Great Sitkinâ??s summit crater during 11-17 June. The lava flow advanced primarily to the S from the vent. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network, including signals probably caused by small rockfalls from the growing lava dome. Weakly elevated surface temperatures consistent with lava effusion were occasionally identified through the clouds in satellite images. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The Great Sitkin volcano forms much of the northern side of Great Sitkin Island. A younger volcano capped by a small, 0.8 x 1.2 km ice-filled summit caldera was constructed within a large late-Pleistocene or early Holocene scarp formed by massive edifice failure that truncated an older edifice and produced a submarine debris avalanche. Deposits from this and an even older debris avalanche from a source to the south cover a broad area of the ocean floor north of the volcano. The summit lies along the eastern rim of the younger collapse scarp. Deposits from an earlier caldera-forming eruption of unknown age cover the flanks of the island to a depth up to 6 m. The small younger caldera was partially filled by lava domes emplaced in 1945 and 1974, and five small older flank lava domes, two of which lie on the coastline, were constructed along northwest- and NNW-trending lines. Hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles occur near the head of Big Fox Creek, south of the volcano. Eruptions have been recorded since the late-19th century. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) https://avo.alaska.edu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSdFNVAZw$> *Home Reef* | Tonga | 18.992°S, 174.775°W | Summit elev. -10 m The Tonga Geological Services reported that the eruption at Home Reef continued during 11-17 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale, the Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-level scale) with advice to stay at least 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) from the island, and the Alert Level for residents of Vavaâ??u and Haâ??apai remained at Green (the first level on a four-level scale). Geologic Summary. Home Reef, a submarine volcano midway between Metis Shoal and Late Island in the central Tonga islands, was first reported active in the mid-19th century, when an ephemeral island formed. An eruption in 1984 produced a 12-km-high eruption plume, large amounts of floating pumice, and an ephemeral 500 x 1,500 m island, with cliffs 30-50 m high that enclosed a water-filled crater. In 2006 an island-forming eruption produced widespread dacitic pumice rafts that drifted as far as Australia. Another island was built during a September-October 2022 eruption. Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga https://www.facebook.com/tongageologicalservice <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.facebook.com/tongageologicalservice__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gQMJYHpaA$> *Ibu* | Indonesia | 1.488°N, 127.63°E | Summit elev. 1325 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 11-17 June. Daily gray or white-to-gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted in all directions throughout the week, but primarily to the SW and S. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible in some webcam images. Weather clouds sometimes obscured views. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening. Geologic Summary. The truncated summit of Gunung Ibu stratovolcano along the NW coast of Halmahera Island has large nested summit craters. The inner crater, 1 km wide and 400 m deep, has contained several small crater lakes. The 1.2-km-wide outer crater is breached on the N, creating a steep-walled valley. A large cone grew ENE of the summit, and a smaller one to the WSW has fed a lava flow down the W flank. A group of maars is located below the N and W flanks. The first observed and recorded eruption was a small explosion from the summit crater in 1911. Eruptive activity began again in December 1998, producing a lava dome that eventually covered much of the floor of the inner summit crater along with ongoing explosive ash emissions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSlHNc96A$> *Kanlaon* | Philippines | 10.4096°N, 123.13°E | Summit elev. 2422 m The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 11-17 June. The seismic network recorded 5-28 daily volcanic earthquakes. Daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 663 to 2,679 tonnes per day. Gas-and-steam emissions of variable densities rose 75-1200 m above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the summit and pilots were warned not to fly close to the volcano. Geologic Summary. Kanlaon volcano (also spelled Canlaon) forms the highest point on the Philippine island of Negros. The massive andesitic stratovolcano is covered with fissure-controlled pyroclastic cones and craters, many of which are filled by lakes. The largest debris avalanche known in the Philippines traveled 33 km SW from Kanlaon. The summit contains a 2-km-wide, elongated northern caldera with a crater lake and a smaller but higher active vent, Lugud crater, to the south. Eruptions recorded since 1866 have typically consisted of phreatic explosions of small-to-moderate size that produce minor local ashfall. Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSOXAbLTQ$> *Karymsky* | Russia | 54.049°N, 159.443°E | Summit elev. 1513 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate activity continued at Karymsky during 6-12 June. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 12 June; the volcano was quiet or weather conditions prevented views on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. Karymsky, the most active volcano of Kamchatka's eastern volcanic zone, is a symmetrical stratovolcano constructed within a 5-km-wide caldera that formed during the early Holocene. The caldera cuts the south side of the Pleistocene Dvor volcano and is located outside the north margin of the large mid-Pleistocene Polovinka caldera, which contains the smaller Akademia Nauk and Odnoboky calderas. Most seismicity preceding Karymsky eruptions originated beneath Akademia Nauk caldera, located immediately south. The caldera enclosing Karymsky formed about 7600-7700 radiocarbon years ago; construction of the stratovolcano began about 2000 years later. The latest eruptive period began about 500 years ago, following a 2300-year quiescence. Much of the cone is mantled by lava flows less than 200 years old. Historical eruptions have been vulcanian or vulcanian-strombolian with moderate explosive activity and occasional lava flows from the summit crater. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gQ58dKcdw$> *Kilauea* | United States | 19.421°N, 155.287°W | Summit elev. 1222 m The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilaueaâ??s Kaluapele summit caldera, characterized by episodic fountaining and intermittent spattering at two vents along the SW margin of Halemaâ??umaâ??u Crater, continued at varying levels during 11-17 June. Over the night of 10-11 June there was incandescence, gas pistoning, lava spattering, and lava flows visible from the N vent, and gas emissions from both the N and S vents. Gas pistoning activity at the N vent intensified until a small sustained dome fountain at the N vent began to feed lava flows onto the crater floor at 1157 on 11 June; by 1300 the lava fountains were rising over 300 m. The S vent began erupting again at approximately 1330. Sustained fountaining lasted for just over 8 hours, but activity from both vents decreased around 1545, with the N vent stopping at 1936 and the S vent stopping at 2008. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from this 11 June episode were estimated at more than 50,000-75,000 tons per day (t/d), and the eruption plume reached a height of at least 6 km above the vents by 1330. Visible incandescence and degassing continued at both vents during 12-17 June. Intermittent spattering began again at the N vent by 17 June. Strands of Peleâ??s hair continue to be present throughout the summit area of Hawaiâ??i Volcanoes National Park and surrounding communities, and could be remobilized by wind. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. Kilauea overlaps the E flank of the massive Mauna Loa shield volcano in the island of Hawaii. Eruptions are prominent in Polynesian legends; written documentation since 1820 records frequent summit and flank lava flow eruptions interspersed with periods of long-term lava lake activity at Halemaumau crater in the summit caldera until 1924. The 3 x 5 km caldera was formed in several stages about 1,500 years ago and during the 18th century; eruptions have also originated from the lengthy East and Southwest rift zones, which extend to the ocean in both directions. About 90% of the surface of the basaltic shield volcano is formed of lava flows less than about 1,100 years old; 70% of the surface is younger than 600 years. The long-term eruption from the East rift zone between 1983 and 2018 produced lava flows covering more than 100 km2, destroyed hundreds of houses, and added new coastline. Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gTN6O36Lw$> *Klyuchevskoy* | Russia | 56.056°N, 160.642°E | Summit elev. 4754 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that a bright thermal anomaly at Klyuchevskoy was identified in satellite images during 29-30 May and 2-4 June. The Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) reported that acoustic signals from explosive activity was detected on 9 June. Ash plumes rose as high as 250 m above the summit on 9 and 11 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. Klyuchevskoy is the highest and most active volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Since its origin about 6,000 years ago, this symmetrical, basaltic stratovolcano has produced frequent moderate-volume explosive and effusive eruptions without major periods of inactivity. It rises above a saddle NE of Kamen volcano and lies SE of the broad Ushkovsky massif. More than 100 flank eruptions have occurred during approximately the past 3,000 years, with most lateral craters and cones occurring along radial fissures between the unconfined NE-to-SE flanks of the conical volcano between 500 and 3,600 m elevation. Eruptions recorded since the late 17th century have resulted in frequent changes to the morphology of the 700-m-wide summit crater. These eruptions over the past 400 years have originated primarily from the summit crater, but have also included numerous major explosive and effusive eruptions from flank craters. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gQ58dKcdw$> ; Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gRFoicFrA$> *Lewotolok* | Indonesia | 8.274°S, 123.508°E | Summit elev. 1431 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok continued during 11-17 June. Gray or white-to-gray ash plumes rose 400-700 m above the summit of the cone and drifted primarily to the NW and W. Clear nighttime webcam images showed incandescent material at the summit cone, being ejected above the summit cone, and on the upper flanks. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 2.5 km away on the S, SE, and W flanks. Geologic Summary. The Lewotolok (or Lewotolo) stratovolcano occupies the eastern end of an elongated peninsula extending north into the Flores Sea, connected to Lembata (formerly Lomblen) Island by a narrow isthmus. It is symmetrical when viewed from the north and east. A small cone with a 130-m-wide crater constructed at the SE side of a larger crater forms the volcano's high point. Many lava flows have reached the coastline. Eruptions recorded since 1660 have consisted of explosive activity from the summit crater. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSlHNc96A$> *Marapi* | Indonesia | 0.38°S, 100.474°E | Summit elev. 2885 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 11-17 June. An eruptive event at 0745 on 17 June was recorded by the seismic network, though a plume was not visible. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater. Geologic Summary. Gunung Marapi, not to be confused with the better-known Merapi volcano on Java, is Sumatra's most active volcano. This massive complex stratovolcano rises 2,000 m above the Bukittinggi Plain in the Padang Highlands. A broad summit contains multiple partially overlapping summit craters constructed within the small 1.4-km-wide Bancah caldera. The summit craters are located along an ENE-WSW line, with volcanism migrating to the west. More than 50 eruptions, typically consisting of small-to-moderate explosive activity, have been recorded since the end of the 18th century; no lava flows outside the summit craters have been reported in historical time. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSlHNc96A$> *Merapi* | Indonesia | 7.54°S, 110.446°E | Summit elev. 2910 m The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 11-17 June. The SW lava dome produced 27 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2.km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 19 that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 18 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage. Seismicity increased relative to last week. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location. Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities. Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gS91WA00w$> *Poas* | Costa Rica | 10.2°N, 84.233°W | Summit elev. 2697 m The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported continued activity at Poás during 10-17 June. Due to a sustained decrease in seismicity, a shift from inflation to deflation of the crater, gas compositions that appear less magmatic, and a lack of significant eruptions since 19 May, the Alert Level was lowered from 3 to 2 (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code was lowered from Orange to Yellow (the second lowest color on a four-color scale) on 13 June. Moderate emissions of ash, water vapor, and sulfur-rich gas continued during 11-17 June, primarily from vent A. Seismic and acoustic tremor, thermal anomalies, and SO2 degassing (up to 500 tons/day) continued to be observed at levels consistent with recent weeks. Geologic Summary. The broad vegetated edifice of Poás, one of the most active volcanoes of Costa Rica, contains three craters along a N-S line. The frequently visited multi-hued summit crater lakes of the basaltic-to-dacitic volcano are easily accessible by vehicle from the nearby capital city of San José. A N-S-trending fissure cutting the complex stratovolcano extends to the lower N flank, where it has produced the Congo stratovolcano and several lake-filled maars. The southernmost of the two summit crater lakes, Botos, last erupted about 7,500 years ago. The more prominent geothermally heated northern lake, Laguna Caliente, is one of the world's most acidic natural lakes, with a pH of near zero. It has been the site of frequent phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions since an eruption was reported in 1828. Eruptions often include geyser-like ejections of crater-lake water. Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gRNi3JH6g$> *Popocatepetl* | Mexico | 19.023°N, 98.622°W | Summit elev. 5393 m The Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that eruptive activity continued at Popocatépetl during 11-17 June. Between 15 and 73 low-energy, long-period (LP) seismic events occurred daily, accompanied by primarily gas and steam emissions. At 0951 on 11 June, the Washington VAAC reported that ash was observed in GOES-19 satellite imagery rising to 5.8 km (19,000 ft) a.s.l. (approximately 400 m above the crater rim) and drifting WNW; activity ended by 1526. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater. Geologic Summary. Volcán Popocatépetl, whose name is the Aztec word for smoking mountain, rises 70 km SE of Mexico City to form North America's 2nd-highest volcano. The glacier-clad stratovolcano contains a steep-walled, 400 x 600 m wide crater. The generally symmetrical volcano is modified by the sharp-peaked Ventorrillo on the NW, a remnant of an earlier volcano. At least three previous major cones were destroyed by gravitational failure during the Pleistocene, producing massive debris-avalanche deposits covering broad areas to the south. The modern volcano was constructed south of the late-Pleistocene to Holocene El Fraile cone. Three major Plinian eruptions, the most recent of which took place about 800 CE, have occurred since the mid-Holocene, accompanied by pyroclastic flows and voluminous lahars that swept basins below the volcano. Frequent historical eruptions, first recorded in Aztec codices, have occurred since Pre-Columbian time. Sources: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED) https://www.gob.mx/cenapred <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.gob.mx/cenapred__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gTt3Fzfug$> ; Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/messages.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/messages.html__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gQNzZhlzA$> *Raung* | Indonesia | 8.119°S, 114.056°E | Summit elev. 3260 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Raung during 11-17 June. Plumes were reported on 11 June reaching 750 m above the summit and drifting E, NE, and W. On 12 June PVMBG issued a special report noting that ongoing eruptions had increased in intensity and that ash plumes were rising approximately 1,000 m above the summit. Moderate eruptions continued on 13 June, with the plume drifting S, SW, and W. On 14 June the plume height was reported as 1,500 m, and on 15 June the plume height was 1,200 m. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater. Geologic Summary. Raung, one of Java's most active volcanoes, is a massive stratovolcano in easternmost Java that was constructed SW of the rim of Ijen caldera. The unvegetated summit is truncated by a dramatic steep-walled, 2-km-wide caldera that has been the site of frequent historical eruptions. A prehistoric collapse of Gunung Gadung on the W flank produced a large debris avalanche that traveled 79 km, reaching nearly to the Indian Ocean. Raung contains several centers constructed along a NE-SW line, with Gunung Suket and Gunung Gadung stratovolcanoes being located to the NE and W, respectively. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSlHNc96A$> *Reventador* | Ecuador | 0.077°S, 77.656°W | Summit elev. 3562 m The Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that eruptive activity continued at Reventador during 10-17 June. Seismicity included 51-94 daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, harmonic tremor, and tremor associated with emissions. Multiple daily ash-and-gas plumes rose 400-1,600 m above the crater rim and drifted downwind. Webcams recorded multiple nightly instances of incandescent material descending mainly the SE and S flanks as far as 1.1 km below the crater rim. SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. Volcán El Reventador is the most frequently active of a chain of Ecuadorian volcanoes in the Cordillera Real, well east of the principal volcanic axis. The forested, dominantly andesitic stratovolcano has 4-km-wide avalanche scarp open to the E formed by edifice collapse. A young, unvegetated, cone rises from the amphitheater floor to a height comparable to the rim. It has been the source of numerous lava flows as well as explosive eruptions visible from Quito, about 90 km ESE. Frequent lahars in this region of heavy rainfall have left extensive deposits on the scarp slope. The largest recorded eruption took place in 2002, producing a 17-km-high eruption column, pyroclastic flows that traveled up to 8 km, and lava flows from summit and flank vents. Sources: Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) http://www.igepn.edu.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igepn.edu.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSvw3vN6A$> ; SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gR_aNRFRg$> *Sangay* | Ecuador | 2.005°S, 78.341°W | Summit elev. 5286 m The Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that the eruption continued at Sangay during 11-17 June. The seismic network recorded 122-217 explosions each day during 10-15 June, no explosion count was reported on 16 June, and on 17 June there were 64 explosions. Daily ash-and-gas plumes were observed in webcam and/or satellite images rising as high as 2.5 km above the summit and drifting downwind, though weather clouds often obscured views. The surveillance camera network recorded several instances of incandescent material descending the flanks as far as 1 km during 10-17 June. SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The isolated Sangay volcano, located east of the Andean crest, is the southernmost of Ecuador's volcanoes and its most active. The steep-sided, glacier-covered, dominantly andesitic volcano grew within the open calderas of two previous edifices which were destroyed by collapse to the east, producing large debris avalanches that reached the Amazonian lowlands. The modern edifice dates back to at least 14,000 years ago. It towers above the tropical jungle on the east side; on the other sides flat plains of ash have been eroded by heavy rains into steep-walled canyons up to 600 m deep. The earliest report of an eruption was in 1628. Almost continuous eruptions were reported from 1728 until 1916, and again from 1934 to the present. The almost constant activity has caused frequent changes to the morphology of the summit crater complex. Sources: Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) http://www.igepn.edu.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igepn.edu.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSvw3vN6A$> ; SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gR_aNRFRg$> *Santa Maria* | Guatemala | 14.757°N, 91.552°W | Summit elev. 3745 m The Instituto Nacional de SismologÃa, VulcanologÃa, MeteorologÃa e HidrologÃa (INSIVUMEH) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Santa Mariaâ??s Santiaguito dome complex during 10-17 June with continuing lava extrusion at Caliente dome. Daily weak and moderate explosions, as many as five per hour when reported, generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1 km above the dome and drifted downwind. Effusion of blocky lava and collapses of material produced block avalanches that descended multiple flanks. Incandescence was visible at Caliente dome and the upper part of the lava flow on the SW flank. Geologic Summary. Symmetrical, forest-covered Santa MarÃa volcano is part of a chain of large stratovolcanoes that rise above the Pacific coastal plain of Guatemala. The sharp-topped, conical profile is cut on the SW flank by a 1.5-km-wide crater. The oval-shaped crater extends from just below the summit to the lower flank, and was formed during a catastrophic eruption in 1902. The renowned Plinian eruption of 1902 that devastated much of SW Guatemala followed a long repose period after construction of the large basaltic andesite stratovolcano. The massive dacitic Santiaguito lava-dome complex has been growing at the base of the 1902 crater since 1922. Compound dome growth at Santiaguito has occurred episodically from four vents, with activity progressing E towards the most recent, Caliente. Dome growth has been accompanied by almost continuous minor explosions, with periodic lava extrusion, larger explosions, pyroclastic flows, and lahars. Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gR6UIHydA$> *Semeru* | Indonesia | 8.108°S, 112.922°E | Summit elev. 3657 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 11-17 June. Ash plumes rose 500-1,000 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards. Geologic Summary. Semeru, the highest volcano on Java, and one of its most active, lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending north to the Tengger caldera. The steep-sided volcano, also referred to as Mahameru (Great Mountain), rises above coastal plains to the south. Gunung Semeru was constructed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambangan calderas. A line of lake-filled maars was constructed along a N-S trend cutting through the summit, and cinder cones and lava domes occupy the eastern and NE flanks. Summit topography is complicated by the shifting of craters from NW to SE. Frequent 19th and 20th century eruptions were dominated by small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, with occasional lava flows and larger explosive eruptions accompanied by pyroclastic flows that have reached the lower flanks of the volcano. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSlHNc96A$> *Sheveluch* | Russia | 56.653°N, 161.36°E | Summit elev. 3283 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluchâ??s â??300 years of RASâ?? dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 5-12 June. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. The Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) reported that minor steam, gas, and ash plumes rose as high as 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE on most days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The 1,300 km3 andesitic volcano is one of Kamchatka's largest and most active volcanic structures, with at least 60 large eruptions during the Holocene. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera breached to the south. Many lava domes occur on its outer flanks. The Molodoy Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the large open caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gQ58dKcdw$> ; Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gRFoicFrA$> *Suwanosejima* | Japan | 29.638°N, 129.714°E | Summit elev. 796 m The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 9-16 June. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Intermittent episodes of seismic tremor were recorded during 13-16 June. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater. Geologic Summary. The 8-km-long island of Suwanosejima in the northern Ryukyu Islands consists of an andesitic stratovolcano with two active summit craters. The summit is truncated by a large breached crater extending to the sea on the E flank that was formed by edifice collapse. One of Japan's most frequently active volcanoes, it was in a state of intermittent Strombolian activity from Otake, the NE summit crater, between 1949 and 1996, after which periods of inactivity lengthened. The largest recorded eruption took place in 1813-14, when thick scoria deposits covered residential areas, and the SW crater produced two lava flows that reached the western coast. At the end of the eruption the summit of Otake collapsed, forming a large debris avalanche and creating an open collapse scarp extending to the eastern coast. The island remained uninhabited for about 70 years after the 1813-1814 eruption. Lava flows reached the eastern coast of the island in 1884. Only about 50 people live on the island. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gRWhmTvCQ$> *Tangkuban Parahu* | Indonesia | 6.77°S, 107.6°E | Summit elev. 2084 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that elevated unrest continued at Tangkuban Parahu during 11-17 June. Activity included daily steam-and-gas emissions, along with ongoing fluctuations in seismicity. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 1-4) and tourists were advised not to descend into the craters. Geologic Summary. Gunung Tangkuban Parahu is a broad stratovolcano overlooking Indonesia's former capital city of Bandung. The volcano was constructed within the 6 x 8 km Pleistocene Sunda caldera, which formed about 190,000 years ago. The volcano's low profile is the subject of legends referring to the mountain of the "upturned boat." The Sunda caldera rim forms a prominent ridge on the western side; elsewhere the rim is largely buried by deposits of the current volcano. The dominantly small phreatic eruptions recorded since the 19th century have originated from several nested craters within an elliptical 1 x 1.5 km summit depression. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!auwHuKqVE5MfrwOMev9Y3MTuNVrb04Zo83n62knJfXU8iOAYERkNHYRK5oQuxJOwWeg-LVnQuhiO07gE9gSlHNc96A$> 6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6 ============================================================== Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). 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