On Tue, Apr 22, 2025 at 03:53:43PM -0400, Eric Chanudet wrote: > I'm not quite following. With umount -l, I thought there is no guaranty > that the file-system is shutdown. Doesn't "shutdown -r now" already > risks loses without any of these changes today? Busy filesystems might stay around after umount -l, for as long as they are busy. I.e. if there's a process with cwd on one of the affected filesystems, it will remain active until that process chdirs away or gets killed, etc. Assuming that your userland kills all processes before rebooting the kernel, everything ought to be shut down, TYVM... If not for that, the damn thing would be impossible to use safely...