11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11 From: "Kuhn, Sally" <KUHNS@xxxxxx> Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 4-10 June 2025 Sally Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (kuhns@xxxxxx) URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_g62ChOQ$> New Activity/Unrest: Fuego, Guatemala | Klyuchevskoy, Russia Ongoing Activity: Aira, Japan | Dieng Volcanic Complex, Indonesia | Dukono, Indonesia | Great Sitkin, United States | Home Reef, Tonga | Ibu, Indonesia | Kanlaon, Philippines | Karymsky, Russia | Kilauea, United States | Lewotolok, Indonesia | Merapi, Indonesia | Nyamulagira, DR Congo | Poas, Costa Rica | Raung, Indonesia | Reventador, Ecuador | Sangay, Ecuador | Semeru, Indonesia | Sheveluch, Russia | Suwanosejima, Japan | Tangkuban Parahu, Indonesia | Whakaari/White Island, New Zealand The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. This is not a comprehensive list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting during the week, but rather a summary of activity at volcanoes that meet criteria discussed in detail in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section. Carefully reviewed, detailed reports about recent activity are published in issues of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Note that many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source. New Activity/Unrest Fuego | Guatemala | 14.4748°N, 90.8806°W | Summit elev. 3799 m The Instituto Nacional de SismologÃa, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e HidrologÃa (INSIVUMEH) reported that elevated activity at Fuego on 4 June was characterized by lava fountaining, dense ash plumes, and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). In a statement issued at 2030 on 4 June INSIVUMEH noted that there was a shift in eruption style to more effusive activity with abundant gas emissions and the ejection of incandescent material that covered the entire crater area and upper W flank. Lava fountaining became continuous, constant avalanches of material descended the flanks, and lava descended the Seca-Santa Teresa drainage (W) as far as 600 m. The activity continued through the night. Just before 0500 on 5 June weak-to-moderate PDCs descended the Seca, Ceniza (SSW), and Las Lajas (SE) drainages. During 0500-1105 several more moderate-to-strong PDCs mainly descended the Las Lajas drainage, but also the Seca and Ceniza drainages, to as far as 7 km. Ash plumes rose from the summit and rose several hundred meters along the PDC tracks and drifted SW, W, and NW. Ashfall was reported in the municipalities of Acatenango (8 km E) and San Pedro Yepocapa (8 km NW) according to the Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres (CONRED). The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SE-CONRED) issued an Orange Alert for the municipality of San Juan Alotenango and the municipality of Gimnasio. Ash plumes drifted as far as 60 km W and SW. By 1230 PDCs were also descending the La Trinidad (SSW) drainage. SE-CONRED announced that an Orange Alert was extended to the departments of Sacatepéquez, Chimaltenango, and Escuintla and classes were suspended at 43 schools in those departments. At around 1525 lahars that were possibly hot descended the El Jute (ESE) and Las Lajas drainages carrying tree branches, trunks, and blocks possibly as large as 3 m in diameter. By 1600 lahars were traveling down the Ceniza, Zarco, and Mazate rivers and again carried tree branches, trunks, volcanic material, and blocks possibly as large as 3 m in diameter. During the next hour additional lahars descended the Seca and Mineral (W) drainages, tributaries of the Pantaleón River. CONRED coordinated with Instituto Privado de Investigacio´n sobre Cambio Clima´tico (ICC) to evacuate about 600 residents in Panimaché I and II (8 km SW), El Rodeo (10 km SSE), Trinidad (21 km SE), and Morelia (9 km SW), though a news article noted that 700 had evacuated. A section of the National Route 14 (RN-14 <https://www.google.com/maps/search/14+(RN-14?entry=gmail&source=g>) was closed. In a special report issued at 1925 On 5 June INSIVUMEH reported that PDCs continued to travel up to 7 km down multiple drainages. Ash-and-gas plumes from the PDCs rose several hundred meters high and drifted NW, W, and SW. By 0015 on 6 June a lava flow in the Ceniza drainage was 1.2 km long. Incandescent material on the SW flank was visible in webcam images. Ash from the descent of PDCs was not visible due to weather clouds around the volcano. Incandescent material was periodically ejected above the summit and landed on the flanks about 30 m from the crater rim. CONRED reported that activity significantly decreased during the early morning, after about 30 hours of the generation of lava flows, PDCs, and ash plumes. Incandescent material was no longer being ejected above the summit and ash was no longer suspended in the atmosphere based on webcam images. During 6-7 June the seismic network recorded 4-6 explosions per hour. Ash-and-gas plumes rose as high as 1.1 km above the summit and drifted 10-30 km SW. Some explosions generated rumbling and shock waves. Incandescent material was ejected 200 m above the summit. Explosions during 8-9 June generated ash plumes that rose around 700 m above the summit and drifted 25 km W and SE. The explosions produced rumbling and shock waves, and generated block avalanches around the summit area and down various drainages. Weather clouds obscured views during 9-10 June, though infrasound instruments detected 2-8 explosions per hour. Faint sounds of blocks descending the flanks were reported and webcams captured incandescent blocks descending the Seca, Ceniza, and Las Lajas drainages. Ashfall was reported in several communities to the SW, including San Pedro Yepocapa, Panimaché I and II, Morelia, Santa SofÃa (12 km SW), Los Yucales (12 km SW), and El Porvenir (8 km ENE). Geologic Summary. Volcán Fuego, one of Central America's most active volcanoes, is also one of three large stratovolcanoes overlooking Guatemala's former capital, Antigua. The scarp of an older edifice, Meseta, lies between Fuego and Acatenango to the north. Construction of Meseta dates back to about 230,000 years and continued until the late Pleistocene or early Holocene. Collapse of Meseta may have produced the massive Escuintla debris-avalanche deposit, which extends about 50 km onto the Pacific coastal plain. Growth of the modern Fuego volcano followed, continuing the southward migration of volcanism that began at the mostly andesitic Acatenango. Eruptions at Fuego have become more mafic with time, and most historical activity has produced basaltic rocks. Frequent vigorous eruptions have been recorded since the onset of the Spanish era in 1524, and have produced major ashfalls, along with occasional pyroclastic flows and lava flows. Sources: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr8KkvQDfw$> ; Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres (CONRED) http://conred.gob.gt/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://conred.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-1Pza-dQ$> ; TV Azteca Guate https://tvaztecaguate.com/nacionales/2025/06/06/volcan-de-fuego-mantiene-actividad-y-mas-de-700-personas-han-sido-albergadas/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://tvaztecaguate.com/nacionales/2025/06/06/volcan-de-fuego-mantiene-actividad-y-mas-de-700-personas-han-sido-albergadas/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-XLz3tTA$> Klyuchevskoy | Russia | 56.056°N, 160.642°E | Summit elev. 4754 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that a bright thermal anomaly at Klyuchevskoy was identified in satellite images during 29-30 May and 2-4 June. The Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) reported that acoustic signals from explosive activity were periodically detected during the week. Ash plumes rose as high as 1.7 km above the summit and drifted SE and E during 30-31 May and 2-4 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. Klyuchevskoy is the highest and most active volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Since its origin about 6,000 years ago, this symmetrical, basaltic stratovolcano has produced frequent moderate-volume explosive and effusive eruptions without major periods of inactivity. It rises above a saddle NE of Kamen volcano and lies SE of the broad Ushkovsky massif. More than 100 flank eruptions have occurred during approximately the past 3,000 years, with most lateral craters and cones occurring along radial fissures between the unconfined NE-to-SE flanks of the conical volcano between 500 and 3,600 m elevation. Eruptions recorded since the late 17th century have resulted in frequent changes to the morphology of the 700-m-wide summit crater. These eruptions over the past 400 years have originated primarily from the summit crater, but have also included numerous major explosive and effusive eruptions from flank craters. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-iIhvQOQ$> ; Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr8-UCSOqw$> Ongoing Activity Aira | Japan | 31.5772°N, 130.6589°E | Summit elev. 1117 m The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Calderaâ??s Sakurajima volcano) during 2-9 June. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible during 2-6 June. An explosion at 2341 on 2 June produced an ash plume that rose into weather clouds and ejected large blocks 300-1,000 m from the crater rim. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 1,800 tons per day on 4 June. Very small eruptive events were recorded during 6-9 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters. Geologic Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim and built an island that was joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent eruptions since the 8th century have deposited ash on the city of Kagoshima, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest recorded eruption took place during 1471-76. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-7wtC05w$> Dieng Volcanic Complex | Indonesia | 7.2°S, 109.879°E | Summit elev. 2565 m In a special report for the Dieng Volcanic Complex issued on 4 June the Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) noted that carbon dioxide gas concentrations at Timbang Crater began to increase on 29 May. Seismicity did not increase. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 500 m away from Sileri Crater, to not approach Timbang Crater, and to be vigilant when digging in the area due to risks of carbon dioxide gas exposure. Geologic Summary. The Dieng plateau in the highlands of central Java is renowned both for the variety of its volcanic scenery and as a sacred area housing Java's oldest Hindu temples, dating back to the 9th century CE. The Dieng Volcanic Complex consists of multiple stratovolcanoes and more than 20 small Pleistocene-to-Holocene craters and cones over a 6 x 14 km area. Prahu stratovolcano was truncated by a large Pleistocene caldera, which was subsequently filled by a series of cones, lava domes, and craters, many containing lakes. Lava flows cover much of the plateau, but observed activity has been restricted to minor phreatic eruptions. Gas emissions are a hazard at several craters and have caused fatalities. There are abundant thermal features and high heat flow across the area. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_HXYvvCw$> Dukono | Indonesia | 1.6992°N, 127.8783°E | Summit elev. 1273 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Dukono continued during 4-10 June. Daily white-and-gray gas-and-ash plumes rose 100-1,500 m above the summit and drifted E. Faint rumbling was heard at the observation post, 11 km N, during 6-7 June. Residents 10-11 km away hard occasional banging and rumbling sounds on 10 June. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater. Geologic Summary. The Dukono complex in northern Halmahera is on an edifice with a broad, low profile containing multiple peaks and overlapping craters. Almost continuous explosive eruptions, sometimes accompanied by lava flows, have occurred since 1933. During a major eruption in 1550 CE, a lava flow filled in the strait between Halmahera and the Gunung Mamuya cone, 10 km NE. Malupang Wariang, 1 km SW of the summit crater complex, contains a 700 x 570 m crater that has also had reported eruptions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_HXYvvCw$> Great Sitkin | United States | 52.076°N, 176.13°W | Summit elev. 1740 m The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkinâ??s summit crater during 4-10 June. The lava flow grew near the vent and advanced to the SE. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network, including signals probably caused by small rockfalls from the growing summit lava dome. Minor steaming and weakly elevated surface temperatures consistent with lava effusion were occasionally identified in satellite images. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The Great Sitkin volcano forms much of the northern side of Great Sitkin Island. A younger volcano capped by a small, 0.8 x 1.2 km ice-filled summit caldera was constructed within a large late-Pleistocene or early Holocene scarp formed by massive edifice failure that truncated an older edifice and produced a submarine debris avalanche. Deposits from this and an even older debris avalanche from a source to the south cover a broad area of the ocean floor north of the volcano. The summit lies along the eastern rim of the younger collapse scarp. Deposits from an earlier caldera-forming eruption of unknown age cover the flanks of the island to a depth up to 6 m. The small younger caldera was partially filled by lava domes emplaced in 1945 and 1974, and five small older flank lava domes, two of which lie on the coastline, were constructed along northwest- and NNW-trending lines. Hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles occur near the head of Big Fox Creek, south of the volcano. Eruptions have been recorded since the late-19th century. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) https://avo.alaska.edu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-6yBhVkQ$> Home Reef | Tonga | 18.992°S, 174.775°W | Summit elev. -10 m The Tonga Geological Services reported that the eruption at Home Reef continued during 24 May-7 June. Satellite images from 27 May showed explosive activity with an ash-and-gas plume rising from an enlarged crater and drifting around 20 km SE. Thermal data after that event showed a drop in heat output, and effusion and explosive activity stopped. Shadows created by the plume made crater size estimates difficult, but a clear satellite view on 1 June showed that it was about 110 x 245 m. There were also three landslide areas, on the E, NW, and SW coasts, originating from the flanks of the cone that may have occurred during the 27 May activity. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale, the Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-level scale) with advice to stay at least 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) from the island, and the Alert Level for residents of Vavaâ??u and Haâ??apai remained at Green (the first level on a four-level scale). Geologic Summary. Home Reef, a submarine volcano midway between Metis Shoal and Late Island in the central Tonga islands, was first reported active in the mid-19th century, when an ephemeral island formed. An eruption in 1984 produced a 12-km-high eruption plume, large amounts of floating pumice, and an ephemeral 500 x 1,500 m island, with cliffs 30-50 m high that enclosed a water-filled crater. In 2006 an island-forming eruption produced widespread dacitic pumice rafts that drifted as far as Australia. Another island was built during a September-October 2022 eruption. Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga https://www.facebook.com/tongageologicalservice <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.facebook.com/tongageologicalservice__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr8jyBtqsg$> Ibu | Indonesia | 1.488°N, 127.63°E | Summit elev. 1325 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 4-10 June. Daily gray or white-to-gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted NE, E, and SE. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible in some webcam images. Weather clouds sometimes obscured views. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening. Geologic Summary. The truncated summit of Gunung Ibu stratovolcano along the NW coast of Halmahera Island has large nested summit craters. The inner crater, 1 km wide and 400 m deep, has contained several small crater lakes. The 1.2-km-wide outer crater is breached on the N, creating a steep-walled valley. A large cone grew ENE of the summit, and a smaller one to the WSW has fed a lava flow down the W flank. A group of maars is located below the N and W flanks. The first observed and recorded eruption was a small explosion from the summit crater in 1911. Eruptive activity began again in December 1998, producing a lava dome that eventually covered much of the floor of the inner summit crater along with ongoing explosive ash emissions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_HXYvvCw$> Kanlaon | Philippines | 10.4096°N, 123.13°E | Summit elev. 2422 m The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing unrest at Kanlaon during 3-9 June. The seismic network recorded 3-26 daily volcanic earthquakes. Daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 1,355 to 5,324 tonnes per day. Gas-and-steam emissions of variable densities generally rose as high as 900 m above the crater rim and drifted in various directions. According to the Tokyo VAAC PHIVOLCS reported that at 0203 on 5 June an ash plume rose 3.7 km (12,000 ft) a.s.l., or about 1.3 km above the summit. Ash was not identified in satellite images. The Civil Defense PH issued a notice to be aware of potential ashfall in surrounding areas. On 6 June heavy rains generated cement-like lahars on the S and SW flanks, along the Buhangin River (which flows through La Castellana and Moises Padilla), along the Sitio San Luis River, and beneath the Hacienda 92 Bridge in Barangay Sag-ang, and along the Ibid Creek in Barangay Biak-na-bato, La Castellana. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the summit and pilots were warned not to fly close to the volcano. Geologic Summary. Kanlaon volcano (also spelled Canlaon) forms the highest point on the Philippine island of Negros. The massive andesitic stratovolcano is covered with fissure-controlled pyroclastic cones and craters, many of which are filled by lakes. The largest debris avalanche known in the Philippines traveled 33 km SW from Kanlaon. The summit contains a 2-km-wide, elongated northern caldera with a crater lake and a smaller but higher active vent, Lugud crater, to the south. Eruptions recorded since 1866 have typically consisted of phreatic explosions of small-to-moderate size that produce minor local ashfall. Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_F6uIbFQ$> ; Office of Civil Defense, Republic of the Philippines https://www.ocd.gov.ph/index.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ocd.gov.ph/index.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_Pa2WMDg$> Karymsky | Russia | 54.049°N, 159.443°E | Summit elev. 1513 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate activity continued at Karymsky during 29 May-5 June. A daily thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. Karymsky, the most active volcano of Kamchatka's eastern volcanic zone, is a symmetrical stratovolcano constructed within a 5-km-wide caldera that formed during the early Holocene. The caldera cuts the south side of the Pleistocene Dvor volcano and is located outside the north margin of the large mid-Pleistocene Polovinka caldera, which contains the smaller Akademia Nauk and Odnoboky calderas. Most seismicity preceding Karymsky eruptions originated beneath Akademia Nauk caldera, located immediately south. The caldera enclosing Karymsky formed about 7600-7700 radiocarbon years ago; construction of the stratovolcano began about 2000 years later. The latest eruptive period began about 500 years ago, following a 2300-year quiescence. Much of the cone is mantled by lava flows less than 200 years old. Historical eruptions have been vulcanian or vulcanian-strombolian with moderate explosive activity and occasional lava flows from the summit crater. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-iIhvQOQ$> Kilauea | United States | 19.421°N, 155.287°W | Summit elev. 1222 m The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilaueaâ??s Kaluapele summit caldera, characterized by episodic fountaining and intermittent spatter at two vents along the SW margin of Halemaâ??umaâ??u Crater, continued at variable levels during 4-10 June. Night incandescence, intermittent lava spattering, gas pistoning, and hydrogen flames at the N vent were visible during 3-4 June. Minimal incandescence at the S vent was observed. Low dome fountaining began at the N vent at around 2055 on 4 June and was accompanied by lava overflows onto the crater floor. Small sustained lava fountains, less than about 30 m high, began erupting at the N vent around 2115. The activity intensified with fountains rising to 100 m by 2210 and over 300 m by 2240. An eruption plume rose 5 km above the ground level by 2250 and was continuing to rise. Sulfur dioxide emissions were estimated at 50,000-75,000 tonnes per day. Large lava flows erupted from both vents and covered about half of Halemaâ??umaâ??u Crater floor. The N vent stopped erupting at about 0408 on 5 June and the S vent stopped shortly after at 0428. HVO warned that strands of Peleâ??s hair, present throughout the summit area of Hawaiâ??i Volcanoes National Park and surrounding communities, could be remobilized by wind. Data analysis confirmed that lava fountains rose as high as 365 m, a new record high for the current eruption that began in December 2024. Tephra deposits from the period of high fountaining were several meters thick on the SW rim of Kaluapele, in a closed area of the park, and as much as 60 cm of tephra was deposited at a location 2.4 km SW of the eruptive vents. Incandescence at the S vent was visible overnight during 7-8 June. Vigorous sulfur dioxide gas emissions, nighttime incandescence, and occasional spatter at the N vent indicated that magma was close to the surface during 8-9 June. Spattering at the N vent became continuous during the early hours on 10 June, followed around 0554 by lava overflows onto the crater floor. The vent continued to generate lava flows during gas pistoning events at least through 1000. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. Kilauea overlaps the E flank of the massive Mauna Loa shield volcano in the island of Hawaii. Eruptions are prominent in Polynesian legends; written documentation since 1820 records frequent summit and flank lava flow eruptions interspersed with periods of long-term lava lake activity at Halemaumau crater in the summit caldera until 1924. The 3 x 5 km caldera was formed in several stages about 1,500 years ago and during the 18th century; eruptions have also originated from the lengthy East and Southwest rift zones, which extend to the ocean in both directions. About 90% of the surface of the basaltic shield volcano is formed of lava flows less than about 1,100 years old; 70% of the surface is younger than 600 years. The long-term eruption from the East rift zone between 1983 and 2018 produced lava flows covering more than 100 km2, destroyed hundreds of houses, and added new coastline. Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-s6eoskw$> Lewotolok | Indonesia | 8.274°S, 123.508°E | Summit elev. 1431 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 4-10 June. Gray or white-to-gray ash plumes rose 500-700 m above the summit of the cone and drifted NW, W, and SW during 4-5 and 8-9 June. Clear nighttime webcam images showed incandescent material at the summit cone, being ejected above the summit cone, and on the upper flanks. Lava effusion increased on 4 June and flows were descending three flanks. By 5 June the S flow was 700 m from the crater rim, the SE flow was 1 km from the crater rim, and the W flow was 300 m from the crater rim. A drone overflight was conducted on 7 June; the SE flow had advanced 200 m for a total length of 1.2 km, indicating a slower advancement rate. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 2.5 km away on the S, SE, and W flanks. Geologic Summary. The Lewotolok (or Lewotolo) stratovolcano occupies the eastern end of an elongated peninsula extending north into the Flores Sea, connected to Lembata (formerly Lomblen) Island by a narrow isthmus. It is symmetrical when viewed from the north and east. A small cone with a 130-m-wide crater constructed at the SE side of a larger crater forms the volcano's high point. Many lava flows have reached the coastline. Eruptions recorded since 1660 have consisted of explosive activity from the summit crater. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_HXYvvCw$> Merapi | Indonesia | 7.54°S, 110.446°E | Summit elev. 2910 m The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 30 May-5 June. Seismicity remained at high levels, similar to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 20 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.9 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 14 that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 39 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage. Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from continuing effusion and minor collapses. The hottest temperature at the SW dome was 247.4 degrees Celsius, the same as the previous measurement, and the volume of the dome increased by 52,500 cubic meters to an estimated 4,049,300 cubic meters, based on webcam images and a 30 May drone survey. The size of the central dome had not changed, and the highest temperature remained relatively stable at 217.9 degrees Celsius. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location. Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities. Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-kCPTOpg$> Nyamulagira | DR Congo | 1.408°S, 29.2°E | Summit elev. 3058 m A satellite image acquired on 10 June showed continuing eruptive activity at Nyamulagira. Bright thermal anomalies indicated continuing activity at the summit crater and active lava flows on the W and NW flanks, though weather clouds obscured views. A thermal anomaly at the possible end of a lava flow on the NW flank was about 3.3 km from the crater rim. Geologic Summary. Africa's most active volcano, Nyamulagira (also known as Nyamuragira), is a massive high-potassium basaltic shield about 25 km N of Lake Kivu and 13 km NNW of the steep-sided Nyiragongo volcano. The summit is truncated by a small 2 x 2.3 km caldera that has walls up to about 100 m high. Documented eruptions have occurred within the summit caldera, as well as from the numerous flank fissures and cinder cones. A lava lake in the summit crater, active since at least 1921, drained in 1938, at the time of a major flank eruption. Recent lava flows extend down the flanks more than 30 km from the summit as far as Lake Kivu; extensive lava flows from this volcano have covered 1,500 km2 of the western branch of the East African Rift. Source: Copernicus https://www.copernicus.eu/en <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.copernicus.eu/en__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr8zYfeHKw$> Poas | Costa Rica | 10.2°N, 84.233°W | Summit elev. 2697 m The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported continuing gas-and-steam emissions with occasional ash at Poás during 3-10 June. Significant amounts of gas-and-steam emissions were continuously and vigorously emitted at both Boca A and Boca C vents during the week, though there was a decreasing trend in the contribution of magmatic gases. Sulfur dioxide emissions decreased, though remained at high levels; the emissions were bluish in webcam images on 3 June and averaged 395 tonnes per day in satellite data on 4 June. Incandescence continued to be visible and detected in infrared webcam views at Boca A vent. The steam-and-gas plumes on 2 June contained minor amounts of ash. The steam-and-gas emissions at Boca A began to contain a moderate amount of ash at 0340 on 10 June and the ash content persisted for a few hours. The plumes rose as high as 1 km above the vent and drifted W. The volcanoâ??s Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The broad vegetated edifice of Poás, one of the most active volcanoes of Costa Rica, contains three craters along a N-S line. The frequently visited multi-hued summit crater lakes of the basaltic-to-dacitic volcano are easily accessible by vehicle from the nearby capital city of San José. A N-S-trending fissure cutting the complex stratovolcano extends to the lower N flank, where it has produced the Congo stratovolcano and several lake-filled maars. The southernmost of the two summit crater lakes, Botos, last erupted about 7,500 years ago. The more prominent geothermally heated northern lake, Laguna Caliente, is one of the world's most acidic natural lakes, with a pH of near zero. It has been the site of frequent phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions since an eruption was reported in 1828. Eruptions often include geyser-like ejections of crater-lake water. Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr81WtyFxw$> Raung | Indonesia | 8.119°S, 114.056°E | Summit elev. 3260 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that ash was present in emissions at Raung during 5-7 June. Emissions became continuous around 0600 on 5 June. The ash-bearing white to medium-gray plumes rose 600 m above the summit and drifted NE. Seismic energy did not increase and deformation data showed subsidence, suggesting that the source of the emissions was relatively shallow. Gray gas-and-ash plumes were continuous on 7 June, and possibly continuous at least through 2329 on 8 June, rising to 400 m above the crater rim. Ashfall was reported in the Linggusar and Sumberwringin area, Bondowoso Regency, about 17 km NNW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater. Geologic Summary. Raung, one of Java's most active volcanoes, is a massive stratovolcano in easternmost Java that was constructed SW of the rim of Ijen caldera. The unvegetated summit is truncated by a dramatic steep-walled, 2-km-wide caldera that has been the site of frequent historical eruptions. A prehistoric collapse of Gunung Gadung on the W flank produced a large debris avalanche that traveled 79 km, reaching nearly to the Indian Ocean. Raung contains several centers constructed along a NE-SW line, with Gunung Suket and Gunung Gadung stratovolcanoes being located to the NE and W, respectively. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_HXYvvCw$> Reventador | Ecuador | 0.077°S, 77.656°W | Summit elev. 3562 m The Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that eruptive activity continued at Reventador during 3-10 June. Seismicity included 61-79 daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, harmonic tremor, and tremor associated with emissions. Multiple daily ash-and-gas plumes rose 200-1,200 m above the crater rim and drifted mainly NW, W, and SW. Webcams recorded multiple nightly instances of incandescent material descending the flanks as far as 1.1 km below the crater rim, specifically down the SE and ESE flanks during 4-5 June and the S flanks during 9-10 June. Starting at 1631 on 6 June a moderate-sized lahar descended the N flank based on seismic data. Weather clouds occasionally obscured views. SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. Volcán El Reventador is the most frequently active of a chain of Ecuadorian volcanoes in the Cordillera Real, well east of the principal volcanic axis. The forested, dominantly andesitic stratovolcano has 4-km-wide avalanche scarp open to the E formed by edifice collapse. A young, unvegetated, cone rises from the amphitheater floor to a height comparable to the rim. It has been the source of numerous lava flows as well as explosive eruptions visible from Quito, about 90 km ESE. Frequent lahars in this region of heavy rainfall have left extensive deposits on the scarp slope. The largest recorded eruption took place in 2002, producing a 17-km-high eruption column, pyroclastic flows that traveled up to 8 km, and lava flows from summit and flank vents. Sources: Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) http://www.igepn.edu.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igepn.edu.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr8zd3ju1g$> ; SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_9eB4r-Q$> Sangay | Ecuador | 2.005°S, 78.341°W | Summit elev. 5286 m The Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported high levels of eruptive activity at Sangay during 3-10 June. The seismic network recorded 39-135 daily explosions. Daily ash-and-gas plumes were observed in webcam and/or satellite images rising as high as 2.2 km above the summit and drifting mainly NW, W, and SW. Weather clouds often obscured webcam observations. Several incandescent avalanches of material descended the SE flank as far as 1 km during 9-10 June. SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The isolated Sangay volcano, located east of the Andean crest, is the southernmost of Ecuador's volcanoes and its most active. The steep-sided, glacier-covered, dominantly andesitic volcano grew within the open calderas of two previous edifices which were destroyed by collapse to the east, producing large debris avalanches that reached the Amazonian lowlands. The modern edifice dates back to at least 14,000 years ago. It towers above the tropical jungle on the east side; on the other sides flat plains of ash have been eroded by heavy rains into steep-walled canyons up to 600 m deep. The earliest report of an eruption was in 1628. Almost continuous eruptions were reported from 1728 until 1916, and again from 1934 to the present. The almost constant activity has caused frequent changes to the morphology of the summit crater complex. Sources: Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) http://www.igepn.edu.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igepn.edu.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr8zd3ju1g$> ; SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_9eB4r-Q$> ; Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/messages.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/messages.html__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr9EFu321g$> Semeru | Indonesia | 8.108°S, 112.922°E | Summit elev. 3657 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 4-10 June, often with multiple daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 300-1,000 m above the summit and drifted N and NW; no plumes were visible during 8-9 June. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards. Geologic Summary. Semeru, the highest volcano on Java, and one of its most active, lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending north to the Tengger caldera. The steep-sided volcano, also referred to as Mahameru (Great Mountain), rises above coastal plains to the south. Gunung Semeru was constructed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambangan calderas. A line of lake-filled maars was constructed along a N-S trend cutting through the summit, and cinder cones and lava domes occupy the eastern and NE flanks. Summit topography is complicated by the shifting of craters from NW to SE. Frequent 19th and 20th century eruptions were dominated by small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, with occasional lava flows and larger explosive eruptions accompanied by pyroclastic flows that have reached the lower flanks of the volcano. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_HXYvvCw$> Sheveluch | Russia | 56.653°N, 161.36°E | Summit elev. 3283 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluchâ??s â??300 years of RASâ?? dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 29 May-5 June. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. The Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) reported that minor steam, gas, and ash plumes rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. drifted SE, E, NW, and W on most days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The 1,300 km3 andesitic volcano is one of Kamchatka's largest and most active volcanic structures, with at least 60 large eruptions during the Holocene. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera breached to the south. Many lava domes occur on its outer flanks. The Molodoy Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the large open caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-iIhvQOQ$> ; Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr8-UCSOqw$> Suwanosejima | Japan | 29.638°N, 129.714°E | Summit elev. 796 m The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 2-9 June. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. No explosions were detected, though ash-and-gas emissions were continuous during 4-7 June. The plumes rose as high as 1.3 km above the crater rim and blocks were ejected 300 m from the vent. Ashfall was reported by the Suwanosejima Branch of the Toshima Village Office (3.5 km SSW) on 5 June. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater. Geologic Summary. The 8-km-long island of Suwanosejima in the northern Ryukyu Islands consists of an andesitic stratovolcano with two active summit craters. The summit is truncated by a large breached crater extending to the sea on the E flank that was formed by edifice collapse. One of Japan's most frequently active volcanoes, it was in a state of intermittent Strombolian activity from Otake, the NE summit crater, between 1949 and 1996, after which periods of inactivity lengthened. The largest recorded eruption took place in 1813-14, when thick scoria deposits covered residential areas, and the SW crater produced two lava flows that reached the western coast. At the end of the eruption the summit of Otake collapsed, forming a large debris avalanche and creating an open collapse scarp extending to the eastern coast. The island remained uninhabited for about 70 years after the 1813-1814 eruption. Lava flows reached the eastern coast of the island in 1884. Only about 50 people live on the island. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-7wtC05w$> Tangkuban Parahu | Indonesia | 6.77°S, 107.6°E | Summit elev. 2084 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported increased unrest at Tangkuban Parahu during late May-early June. Steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 110 m above the vents in Ratu Crater. The seismic network recorded an increase in signals indicating gas venting to 21-37 events per day during 30 May-1 June and a total of 100 low-frequency events that suggested the movement of fluids to shallow depths. During 1-8 June steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 150 m above the vents at Ratu Crater and 5-10 m above the vents at Ecoma Crater. Continuous tremor began at around 2200 on 5 June and was coincident with bubbling or boiling mud Ratu, where black mud deposits surrounded the pool. Thermal areas at both Ratu and Ecoma craters imaged by drone showed no enlargement of the thermal areas between 5 and 7 June. The seismic network recorded 16 and 3 low-frequency events on 7 and 8 June, respectively; seismicity remained elevated through 8 June. Deformation data indicted continuing inflation. As of 8 June the proportions of gas species had not shown notable changes, and gas concentrations were within normal limits. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 1-4) and tourists were advised not to descend into the craters. Geologic Summary. Gunung Tangkuban Parahu is a broad stratovolcano overlooking Indonesia's former capital city of Bandung. The volcano was constructed within the 6 x 8 km Pleistocene Sunda caldera, which formed about 190,000 years ago. The volcano's low profile is the subject of legends referring to the mountain of the "upturned boat." The Sunda caldera rim forms a prominent ridge on the western side; elsewhere the rim is largely buried by deposits of the current volcano. The dominantly small phreatic eruptions recorded since the 19th century have originated from several nested craters within an elliptical 1 x 1.5 km summit depression. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr_HXYvvCw$> Whakaari/White Island | New Zealand | 37.52°S, 177.18°E | Summit elev. 294 m On 9 June GeoNet reported that a minor volcanic eruption had been going on at Whakaari/White Island since 19 April, though no ash had been detected in the emissions during the previous four weeks. Observations from webcams located at Whakatane and Te Kaha and analysis of satellite data over the past four weeks, and a monitoring flight on 9 June, all gave confirmation that the eruption had stopped. The Volcanic Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) on 9 June. GeoNet stated that the Alert Levels were reflective of the current level of activity, but there was uncertainty due to the lack of consistent, usable, real-time monitoring data; GeoNet relies on remote cameras, satellite images, and periodic overflights to monitor Whakaari. Geologic Summary. The uninhabited Whakaari/White Island is the 2 x 2.4 km emergent summit of a 16 x 18 km submarine volcano in the Bay of Plenty about 50 km offshore of North Island. The island consists of two overlapping andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcanoes. The SE side of the crater is open at sea level, with the recent activity centered about 1 km from the shore close to the rear crater wall. Volckner Rocks, sea stacks that are remnants of a lava dome, lie 5 km NW. Descriptions of volcanism since 1826 have included intermittent moderate phreatic, phreatomagmatic, and Strombolian eruptions; activity there also forms a prominent part of Maori legends. The formation of many new vents during the 19th and 20th centuries caused rapid changes in crater floor topography. Collapse of the crater wall in 1914 produced a debris avalanche that buried buildings and workers at a sulfur-mining project. Explosive activity in December 2019 took place while tourists were present, resulting in many fatalities. The official government name Whakaari/White Island is a combination of the full Maori name of Te Puia o Whakaari ("The Dramatic Volcano") and White Island (referencing the constant steam plume) given by Captain James Cook in 1769. Source: GeoNet http://www.geonet.org.nz/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.geonet.org.nz/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!awcr-mCOp1GodPDSuokG8F7AHaTpfiRXbPOuhpaxDImmaz4H3iVAQqZ7Gd0-jeSfIrxulGSKsYQdKcMtgr-UKesqVg$> 11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11 ============================================================== Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). 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