On Mon, 2025-07-28 at 09:52 -0400, Ron Johnson wrote: > That seems to imply you can only insert 4Bn rows into a table with > attached TOAST. Am I misunderstanding something? Only if those rows actually contain column values big enough to warrant storing them out of line. And if each row had *two* such columns, you could only store 2^31 such rows. Yours, Laurenz Albe