On Wed, Jun 04, 2025 at 11:47:14AM +1000, Alexey Kardashevskiy wrote: > If it is the case of killing QEMU - then there is no usespace and > then it is a matter of what fd is closed first - VFIO-PCI or > IOMMUFD, we could teach IOMMUFD to hold an VFIO-PCI fd to guarantee > the order. Thanks, It is the other way around VFIO holds the iommufd and it always destroys first. We are missing a bit where the vfio destruction of the idevice does not clean up the vdevice too. Jason