On Wed, Sep 03, 2025 at 03:59:40PM +0000, Pasha Tatashin wrote: > > > > And again in real systems we expect memfd to be fully populated too. > > I thought so too, but we already have a use case for slightly sparse > memfd, unfortunately, that becomes *very* inefficient when fully > populated. Wait, regardless of how sparse memfd is, once you memfd_pin_folios() the number of folios to preserve is known and the metadata to preserve is a fully populated array. -- Sincerely yours, Mike.