Hi Cen,
On Fri, Sep 12, 2025 at 8:34 AM cen zhang <zzzccc427@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> Hello maintainers,
>
> I would like to report a use-after-free (UAF) vulnerability
> found in the Bluetooth management subsystem using our
> customized syzkaller on 6.17.0-rc5.
> The bug occurs due to a race condition between HCI command completion
> callbacks and HCI socket bind operations that trigger device cleanup.
>
> After my superficial analysis, the situation when race occurs may be as follows:
>
> PATH 1 - SET_POWERED Command Execution:
> 1. User space application sends MGMT_OP_SET_POWERED command via HCI
> management socket
> 2. set_powered() function creates mgmt_pending_cmd object via mgmt_pending_add()
> 3. Command is submitted to HCI work queue via
> hci_cmd_sync_submit()/hci_cmd_sync_queue()
> 4. Work queue executes set_powered_sync() followed by
> mgmt_set_powered_complete() callback
> 5. mgmt_set_powered_complete() attempts to access cmd->param (line 1342)
>
> PATH 2 - HCI Socket Bind Cleanup:
> 1. Another process attempts to bind HCI socket with HCI_CHANNEL_USER mode
> 2. hci_sock_bind() calls mgmt_index_removed() to clean up management state
> 3. mgmt_index_removed() calls mgmt_pending_foreach(0, hdev, true, ...)
> 4. All pending commands are removed and freed, including the
> SET_POWERED command object
It doesn't only do that it also does:
/* dequeue cmd_sync entries using cmd as data as that is about to be
* removed/freed.
*/
hci_cmd_sync_dequeue(match->hdev, NULL, cmd, NULL);
> 5. The mgmt_pending_cmd object and its cmd->param are freed via
> mgmt_pending_free()
>
> RACE CONDITION:
> The issue occurs when PATH 2 executes between the time PATH 1 submits
> the command
> to the work queue and when the completion callback accesses
> cmd->param. The current
> protection mechanism in mgmt_set_powered_complete() has a TOCTOU
> (Time-of-Check-to-Time-of-Use) flaw:
>
> if (err == -ECANCELED || cmd != pending_find(MGMT_OP_SET_POWERED, hdev))
> return;
i guess you are talking about pending_find not -ECANCELED having
TOCTOU problem, do you have a reproducer that I can test with?
>
> cp = cmd->param; // <-- USE-AFTER-FREE occurs here
>
> The check allowing the cmd object to be freed between
> the validation and the actual memory access.
>
> The detail KASAN report as follow:
>
> ==================================================================
> BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in
> mgmt_set_powered_complete+0x83d/0xf10 net/bluetooth/mgmt.c:1342
> Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810edd90b0 by task kworker/u17:3/811
>
> CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 811 Comm: kworker/u17:3 Not tainted
> 6.17.0-rc5-ge5bbb70171d1 #7 PREEMPT(voluntary)
> Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014
> Workqueue: hci0 hci_cmd_sync_work
> Call Trace:
> <TASK>
> __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]
> dump_stack_lvl+0xca/0x130 lib/dump_stack.c:120
> print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]
> print_report+0x171/0x7f0 mm/kasan/report.c:482
> kasan_report+0x139/0x170 mm/kasan/report.c:595
> mgmt_set_powered_complete+0x83d/0xf10 net/bluetooth/mgmt.c:1342
> hci_cmd_sync_work+0x8df/0xaf0 net/bluetooth/hci_sync.c:334
> process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3236 [inline]
> process_scheduled_works+0x7a8/0x1030 kernel/workqueue.c:3319
> worker_thread+0xb97/0x11d0 kernel/workqueue.c:3400
> kthread+0x3d4/0x800 kernel/kthread.c:463
> ret_from_fork+0x13b/0x1e0 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:148
> ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245
> </TASK>
>
> Allocated by task 197:
> kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline]
> kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68
> poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:388 [inline]
> __kasan_kmalloc+0x72/0x90 mm/kasan/common.c:405
> kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:905 [inline]
> kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1039 [inline]
> mgmt_pending_new+0xcd/0x580 net/bluetooth/mgmt_util.c:269
> mgmt_pending_add+0x54/0x410 net/bluetooth/mgmt_util.c:296
> set_powered+0x8c6/0xea0 net/bluetooth/mgmt.c:1407
> hci_mgmt_cmd+0x1ee4/0x33f0 net/bluetooth/hci_sock.c:1719
> hci_sock_sendmsg+0xcb0/0x2510 net/bluetooth/hci_sock.c:1839
> sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:714 [inline]
> __sock_sendmsg+0x21c/0x270 net/socket.c:729
> sock_write_iter+0x1b7/0x250 net/socket.c:1179
> do_iter_readv_writev+0x598/0x760
> vfs_writev+0x3c8/0xd20 fs/read_write.c:1057
> do_writev+0x105/0x270 fs/read_write.c:1103
> do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
> do_syscall_64+0xd2/0x200 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
> entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
>
> Freed by task 100890:
> kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline]
> kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68
> kasan_save_free_info+0x40/0x50 mm/kasan/generic.c:576
> poison_slab_object mm/kasan/common.c:243 [inline]
> __kasan_slab_free+0x41/0x50 mm/kasan/common.c:275
> kasan_slab_free include/linux/kasan.h:233 [inline]
> slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:2428 [inline]
> slab_free mm/slub.c:4701 [inline]
> kfree+0x189/0x390 mm/slub.c:4900
> mgmt_pending_free net/bluetooth/mgmt_util.c:311 [inline]
> mgmt_pending_foreach+0x6c4/0x8a0 net/bluetooth/mgmt_util.c:257
> mgmt_index_removed+0x164/0x530 net/bluetooth/mgmt.c:9370
> hci_sock_bind+0x151a/0x1f30 net/bluetooth/hci_sock.c:1314
> __sys_bind_socket net/socket.c:1858 [inline]
> __sys_bind+0x229/0x2f0 net/socket.c:1889
> __do_sys_bind net/socket.c:1894 [inline]
> __se_sys_bind net/socket.c:1892 [inline]
> __x64_sys_bind+0x7a/0x90 net/socket.c:1892
> do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
> do_syscall_64+0xd2/0x200 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
> entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
>
> The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88810edd9080
> which belongs to the cache kmalloc-96 of size 96
> The buggy address is located 48 bytes inside of
> freed 96-byte region [ffff88810edd9080, ffff88810edd90e0)
>
> The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
> page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x10edd9
> anon flags: 0x200000000000000(node=0|zone=2)
> page_type: f5(slab)
> raw: 0200000000000000 ffff888100042280 ffffea00041e07c0 dead000000000003
> raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000200020 00000000f5000000 0000000000000000
> page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
>
> Memory state around the buggy address:
> ffff88810edd8f80: fa fb fb fb fc fc fc fc fa fb fb fb fc fc fc fc
> ffff88810edd9000: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc
> >ffff88810edd9080: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc
> ^
> ffff88810edd9100: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc
> ffff88810edd9180: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc
> ==================================================================
>
> Best regards,
> Cen Zhang
--
Luiz Augusto von Dentz
