Hi Basile, thank you for the answer. No, I did not observe the error you mentioned. Intel MKL is a free library but it is not open source so I cannot compile it directly but I can install it. I don't think the accuracy is a problem here since I am just calling the external library so it should use the options intel chose to compile it. I was wondering about a way to understand the differences in the linking when using -funsafe-math-optimizations. Best regards, Nicola Il giorno gio 5 giu 2025 alle ore 14:36 Basile Starynkevitch < basile@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> ha scritto: > On Thu, 2025-06-05 at 14:23 +0200, Nicola Giuliani via Gcc-help wrote: > > Hi everybody, > > > > My name is Nicola Giuliani and I am a researcher in numerical analysis. I > > have encountered a strange behavior when compiling a very simple piece of > > code using g++. In this piece of code I link the InterlOneAPI MKL PARDISO > > solver and ask it to solve a linear system. I don't do any mathematical > > operation, I simply call the MKL libraries that I have dynamically > linked. > > > I suppose MKL PARDISO is a set of open source libraries, whose source code > you > could compile or statically analyze. > > > > This is the original compilation line I use > > > > g++ kernel_only_pardiso.cpp -m64 -L${MKLROOT}/lib -Wl,--no-as-needed > > -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_gnu_thread -lmkl_core -lgomp -lpthread -lm -ldl > > -I"${MKLROOT}/include" -o gnu_gnu.out > > > > [...] > > > https://community.intel.com/t5/Intel-oneAPI-Math-Kernel-Library/PARDISO-performance-fluctuation-on-INTEL-processor/m-p/1693601/emcs_t/S2h8ZW1haWx8bWVudGlvbl9zdWJzY3JpcHRpb258TUJCNzJMQ0ZJRUFWQ0J8MTY5MzYwMXxBVF9NRU5USU9OU3xoSw > > > Possible open source tools related to estimate accuracy of C or C++ code > might > be: > https://frama-c.com/ > > (I have been employed and part of the team working on it; see > also https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.0779 and > https://github.com/bstarynk/bismon that > I don't maintain anymore) > > https://www-pequan.lip6.fr/cadna/ > > Perhaps they could help you to understand the issues. > > https://www.absint.com/products.htm is selling related tools. > > BTW did you observe (or can you reproduce) the following bug on GCC trunk > (on > x86-64/Linux/Debian/Trixie)? > > the https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=120556 > https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-bugs/2025-June/916978.html > > > Regards. > -- > Basile STARYNKEVITCH <basile@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> > 8 rue de la Faïencerie > http://starynkevitch.net/Basile/ > 92340 Bourg-la-Reine https://github.com/bstarynk > France > https://github.com/RefPerSys/RefPerSys >